Vari-line separators

VarNine separators. Vari-line separators are specifically designed for those installations where space is at a premium and piping limitations prevent the use... 

The lines separating the regions in a phase diagram are called phase boundaries. At any point on a boundary between two regions, the two neighboring phases coexist in dynamic equilibrium. If one of the phases is a vapor, the pressure corresponding to this equilibrium is just the vapor pressure of the substance. Therefore, the liquid-vapor phase boundary shows how the vapor pressure of the liquid varies with temperature. For example, the point at 80.°C and 0.47 atm in the phase diagram for water lies on the phase boundary between liquid and vapor (Fig. 8.10), and so we know that the vapor pressure of water at 80.°C is 0.47 atm. Similarly, the solid-vapor phase boundary shows how the vapor pressure of the solid varies with temperature (see Fig. 8.6). 

In spatially constrained liquid crystals the director field is space and time dependent (from the view of a molecule that diffuses between regions with different local director orientations). The orientational order parameter usually varies within the sample. In a local region of the cavity, represented by the position vector r, a selectively deuterated compoimd yields a spectrum of two sharp lines separated by... 

Figure 7.20 shows the simulation results for varying the separation distance y. It has been made clear that the steady-state induced voltage is inversely proportional to the electrode length, as seen in Figures 7.20 and 7.21. However, the induced voltage in an overhead line is proportional to the line length. 

FIG. 5 Electrical conductivity and transparency of a model emulsion comprising C 2/i4 alkyl polyglycoside, glyceryl monooleate (GMO), and a specific amount of water and dioctylcyclohexane at 25 C with varying emulsifier mixture ratios. The dashed line separates the w/o from the o/w region [10]. 

Figure 8.12 Schematic illustration showing with the solid line how the probability of placement varies with the distance of separation between the centers of the coils. The broken line is the equivalent result for hard spheres.

Experimentally observed rates of mass transfer often are expressed in terms of overall transfer coefficients even when the eqmlibrium lines are curved. This procedure is empirical, since the theory indicates that in such cases the rates of transfer may not vary in direct proportion to the overall bulk concentration differences y — y°) and (x° — x) at all concentration levels even though the rates may be proportional to the concentration difference in each phase taken separately, i.e., Xi — x) and y — y ). 

In the DCC unit, the hydroearbon feed is dispersed with steam and eraeked using a hot solid eatalyst in a riser, and enters a fluidized bed reaetor. A known injeetion system is employed to aehieve the desired temperature and eatalyst-to-oil eontaeting. This maximizes the seleetive eatalytie reaetions. The vaporized oil and eatalyst flow up the riser to the reaetor where the reaetion eonditions ean be varied to eomplete the eraeking proeess. The eyelones that are loeated in the top of the reaetor effeet the separation of the eatalyst and the hydroearbon vapor produets. The steam and reaetion produets are diseharged from the reaetor vapor line and enter the main fraetionator where further proeessing ensure the separation of the stream into valuable produets. 

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