Vanadium bronze cathodes

Leifer et al. [105]. used Li MAS NMR to study the strucmre of lithiated silver vanadium oxide, Liy4g2V40n, where x = 0.72,2.13, and 5.59. This compound is used in biomedical applications as a primary battery, particularly as the power source for implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs). Silver vanadium oxide is a vanadium bronze with semiconducting properties. It has been used successfully as a cathode material in the battery of ICDs due to its high rate capability and its high theoretical capacity (315 mAh/g) to 2 V. Electrochemical and structural studies of the average structure were performed by various authors who concluded that the systems undergoes a multistep reduction mechanism and forms silver metal in the early stage of the overall reaction [106-108]. 

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