Van Der Waals. Johannes Diderik

Van der Waals Johannes Diderik (1837-1923) Dutch phys., research on gaseous and liquid phases, determined so-called perfect and real gases, thermodynamic theory of capillarity, know for Van der Waals forces between dielectric molecules van t Hoff Jacobus Henricus (1852-1911) Dutch chem., father of phys. chem., relating thermodynamics to chem. 

Johannes Diderik Van der Waals, Dutch physicist (18S7-1923). 

Electrostatic interactions of this type are called dipole-dipole interactions , or van der Waals forces after the Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923) who first postulated their existence. A van der Waals force operates over a relatively... 

Johannes Diderik van der Waals, 1837—1923. Dutch physicist, professor in Amsterdam. 

William Prout (1785-1850) and his pioneering attempts to understand the nature of matter60 have been studied, as has Ladislaus Farkas (1904-1948) role in the establishment of physical chemistry in Israel.61 Some protagonists of physical chemistry in The Netherlands, J. H. Van t Hoff62 and Johannes van Laar (1860-1938),63 have been investigated, as has Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923) and his contributions to molecular science.64 Van t Hoff s decisive role in the development of chemical thermodynamics has also been examined.65... 

Johannes Diderik van der Waals was born in Leiden, the Netherlands, in 1837. The son of a carpenter, he was not afforded the advantages that some of his contemporaries enjoyed. Lacking knowledge of classical languages, he was barred from taking his academic examinations at the University of Leiden. Instead, he continued his studies in his spare time between... 

Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals (right), recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in physics, for his v/ork on the equation of state for gases and liquids. ... 

Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923) was a Dutch physicist. He was bom in Leiden, the son of a carpenter, and was largely self-taught when he entered the University of Leiden, where he earned a Ph.D. He was a professor of physics at the University of Amsterdam from 1877 to 1903. He won the 1910 Nobel Prize for his research on the gaseous and liquid states of matter. 

The equation contains two corrections bis a. correction for the non-negligible size of the molecules alV corrects for the fact that there are attractive forces between the molecules, thus slightly reducing the pressure from that of an ideal gas. The equation is named for the Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923). See also gas laws kinetic theory. 

Taking these facts into account, the Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik Van der Waals (1837-1923), in 1873, worked out an equation that related pressure, volume, and temperature of gases. This equation included two constants, a and b (different for each gas), the existence of which allowed for the size of the molecules and the attractions among them. 

The Dutchman Johannes Diderik van der Waals came up with an enlightening idea for understanding the behavior of gases at higher densities. He based it upon two very simple assumptions ... 

In Nature, atoms are located at different interatomic distances depending on a kind of the forces between them either by cohesion forces or chemical bonds. The latter prevail at the distances which are smaller or equal to the sum of van der Waals radii of atoms. At such distances atoms form a molecule. By definition, the van der Waals (vdW) radii of a given atom is the half of the shortest distance that is observed in crystals between the nuclei of the same atoms. The vdW radii of atoms are listed in Table 1. At the distances beymid the sum of van der Waals radii of atoms, there exists a specific van der Waals interaction often referred to as the dispersion interaction between atoms, after Johannes Diderik van der Waals who first postulated its existence in his well-known equation of state derived in his PhD thesis in 1837 and which won him the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physics. For the first time van der Waals explained the deviations of gases from the ideal behavior. Let us consider a vessel filled by a gas of atoms. Within this vessel, the pressure exerted by a gas of atoms on its wall is lower compared to that predicted by the ideal gas law since the atoms may collide with the wall and are thus retained by the attraction they undergo from the other atoms in the bulk of the gas that results in the pressure P obeying the equation [94],... 

Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923), Dutch physicist and professor at the University of Amsterdam. His research topic was the influence of intermolecular forces on the properties of gases (equation of state of the real gas, 1873) and liquids. In 1910, van der Waals received a Nobel Prize for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids. He is known also for introducing what is now called the van der Waals forces, which stem from the ubiquitous intermolecular interactions. 

The attractive forces between the particles of one molecule and the particles of a second molecule are extremely weak and are known as London forces, after Fritz Wolfgang London (German-born American 1900-1954) and are also known as van der Waals forces, after Johannes Diderik van der Waals (Holland 1837-1923). Because the induced dipole results from close contact, the larger the surface area of the molecule is, the greater is the van der Waals interaction. This is a weak force, and it can be disrupted by application of only small amounts of energy. This statement means that two molecules held closely together by these forces are easily separated at low energy (low temperatures). 

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