Valves, corrosion

Metered-dose inhalation aerosols Delivered dose per actuation, number of metered doses, color, particle-size distribution, loss of propellant, pressure, valve corrosion, spray pattern, and absence of pathogenic microorganisms... 

The API SJ motor oil test (adapted in 1996) and ILSAC GF-2 are comprised of a set of engine tests for defining minimum oil performance requirements. These tests are as follows bearing wear and corrosion (Sequence L-38), valve corrosion (Sequence II-D), sludge formation (Sequence III-E), degradation wear products (Sequence V-E), and fuel economy (Sequence VI-A), (Lakes, 1999). For abbreviations see Chapter 8. 

Metered-Dose Inhalation Aerosols Quantity of delivered dose, total number of acceptable doses delivered, color, solvate formation with propellant, particle size distribution, weight loss of canister (i.e., loss of propellant), pressure, valve corrosion, and storage in both upright and inverted positions. 

Incorrect sequencing of feedstocks Mischarging Corroded relief valves Corrosion and vessel failure... 

Water content varies from 0.5 to 1%. Water is introduced into residual fuels by poor storage. The standards allow water up to a maximum of 1% in residual fuels. However, the majority of fuel deliveries have water contents below 0.5%. The problems with high water levels in fuel can be complex and include sludging of fuel tanks, filter blockage, corrosion of fuel injection equipment, exhaust valve corrosion, etc. 

McAllister, E. W., ed. 2009. Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook, 7th ed. Tulsa PennweU Books. The seventh edition of the classic work features 30% new and updated content. Extensive coverage includes construction, pipe design, control valves, corrosion, gas and liquid pipelines, pumps, measurement, instrumentation, leak detection, tanks, maintenance, economics, and rehabilitation and risk evaluation. 

In lead acid batteries, however, this cycle is unavoidably accompanied by hydrogen evolution and corrosion of the positive grid. Hydrogen is not oxidized within the ceU, but has to escape through the valve. Corrosion consumes oxygen that remains in the ceU as Pb02. 

The war itself also drove the development of improved and miniaturised electronic components for creating oscillators and amplifiers and, ultimately, semiconductors, which made practical the electronic systems needed in portable eddy current test instruments. The refinement of those systems continues to the present day and advances continue to be triggered by performance improvements of components and systems. In the same way that today s pocket calculator outperforms the large, hot room full of intercormected thermionic valves that I first saw in the 50 s, so it is with eddy current instrumentation. Today s handheld eddy current inspection instrument is a powerful tool which has the capability needed in a crack detector, corrosion detector, metal sorter, conductivity meter, coating thickness meter and so on. 

Furfuryl alcohol is shipped in bulk or dmms. Although not corrosive to metals, it is a powerful solvent and penetrant containers, tanks, lines, and valves need to be in good condition to avoid potential leakage. Furfuryl alcohol can be stored in containers lined with baked phenoHc resin coatings however, it should not be put in containers that are coated with lacquers, varnishes, or epoxy resins because it is an excellent solvent for many such coatings. 

Molybdenum hexafluoride is classified as a corrosive and poison gas. It is stored and shipped in steel, stainless steel, or Monel cylinders approved by DOT. Electronic and semiconductor industries prefer the cylinders equipped with valves which have Compressed Gas Association (CGA) 330 outlets. 

Corrosion of reactors used for functionalization and ia pipes and valves along transferlines for sulfuric acid is a problem that results ia maintenance shutdowns. Sufficient agitation is needed to keep the resia beads fluidized duting sulfonation. As for copolymer kettles, transfer lines should be sufficiently large to allow reasonably rapid transfer of Hquids and resia slurries. 

AH columns, distributors, and ancHlary hardware such as piping, valves, and pumps must be constmcted of corrosion-resistant materials, or coated with an appropriate substance. AH streams that contact the hardware during each step of the cycHc operation need to be considered in this selection. 

For any given appHcation of any type of valve, temperature, pressure, and corrosivity must be considered in the same manner as for the piping system itself. Valve vendors specify the temperature, pressure, and general service limitation for their valves and these are indicated in the manufacturers catalogs. 

Safety Showers. Safety showers and eyewash fountains or hoses should be installed where corrosive or toxic materials are handled. A large-volume, low velocity discharge from directly overhead should effect continuous drenching, ie, a minimum flow of 20 L/min (50 gal /min). Water to outside showers may be heated to a maximum temperature of 27°C by an electric heating cable. The valves for all safety showers should be at the same height and relative position to the shower head, and they should operate in the same way and direction. The shower station should be identified by paint of a bright, contrasting color. In areas where chemicals harmful to the eyes may be encountered, an eyewash fountain or spray should be available in case of splash accidents. 

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