Validity Subject

Apparatuses 1, 2, and 4 are harmonized. Not all apparatuses appear in other pharmacopeias and decision rules are harmonized. Selection of media is not harmonized, and may not be a valid subject in view of population and formulation differences. 

That is, the velocity distribution law is valid subject only to the condition that the potential energy is independent of the velocities of the particles. 

Communicate to the company on computer-related validation subjects. 

Conclusions The Conclusions should not merely repeat the conclusions from each previous section. Rather, the main Conclusion should refer to the original Claim and, if applicable, reassert its validity, subject to the following caveats ... 

The above derivation is mathematical and is valid subject to the limitations of the mathematics used. Several assumptions were made, either explicitly or implicitly, in Kubelka s derivation. Most of these should not be viewed as assumptions upon which his solution depended, but rather as a description of the kind of experimental arrangement and samples to which the equations they derived would be... 

These equations are quite generally valid, subject only to the condition that Xw cannot fall below the minimum attained at total reflux. We demonstrate their use by returning to Figure 7.25-7.9 of Illustration 7.9 and use the... 

This equation is valid subject to the assumption that transfer coefficients for all reactions at the alloy—inner layer interface are equal. Integration from 0 to t (oxidation... 

The raw data collected during the experiment are then analyzed. Frequently the data must be reduced or transformed to a more readily analyzable form. A statistical treatment of the data is used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the analysis and to validate the procedure. These results are compared with the criteria established during the design of the experiment, and then the design is reconsidered, additional experimental trials are run, or a solution to the problem is proposed. When a solution is proposed, the results are subject to an external evaluation that may result in a new problem and the beginning of a new analytical cycle. 

A new edition of any book presents an opportunity which an author welcomes for several reasons. It is a chance to respond to constructive criticisms of the previous edition which he thinks are valid. New material can be introduced which may be useful to teachers and students in the light of the way the subject, and the teaching of the subject, has developed in the intervening years. Last, and certainly not least, there is an opportunity to correct any errors which had escaped the author s notice. 

Because experimental measurements are subject to systematic error, sets of values of In y and In yg determined by experiment may not satisfy, that is, may not be consistent with, the Gibbs/Duhem equation. Thus, Eq. (4-289) applied to sets of experimental values becomes a test of the thermodynamic consistency of the data, rather than a valid general relationship. 

These materials are now widely used for coating both steel and concrete surfaces that are subject to a particularly aggressive environment (e.g. North Sea oil platforms). There is less validity for their use under normal atmospheric conditions since they are relatively expensive and tend to chalk on exposure to sunlight. However, their use as zinc phosphate, pretreatment or blast primers for blast-cleaned steel which is subsequently overcoated by any other paint system is an extremely valuable contribution to the painting of new steel work. 

There has been some controversy as to whether s.c.c. occurs by active path corrosion or by hydrogen embrittlement. Lack of space does not permit a full treatment of this subject here. References 14 and 15 are recent reviews on the s.c.c. of high strength steels and deal with the mechanism of cracking (see also Section 8.4). It is appropriate to discuss briefly some of the latest work which appears to provide pertinent information on the cracking mechanism. It should be noted, however, that cracking in all alloy systems may not be by the same mechanism, and that evidence from one alloy system need not constitute valid support for the same cracking mechanism in another. 

Linear viscoelasticity Linear viscoelastic theory and its application to static stress analysis is now developed. According to this theory, material is linearly viscoelastic if, when it is stressed below some limiting stress (about half the short-time yield stress), small strains are at any time almost linearly proportional to the imposed stresses. Portions of the creep data typify such behavior and furnish the basis for fairly accurate predictions concerning the deformation of plastics when subjected to loads over long periods of time. It should be noted that linear behavior, as defined, does not always persist throughout the time span over which the data are acquired i.e., the theory is not valid in nonlinear regions and other prediction methods must be used in such cases. 

The rationale for these simple approaches to water treatment is the argument that these kinds of systems have minimal requirements for MU water and are therefore subject to a reduced level of risk. In practice, the validity of this argument is suspect but is difficult to prove because totalizing water meters are seldom installed on the MU water line. 

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