Validation range

Hugoniot data have been fitted by the equation = Cq + su + qu, where Uj is the shock velocity and the associated particle velocity. Griineisen parameters have been obtained from best estimates of zero pressure thermodynamic parameters, which are sometimes of dubious value. The pressures and velocities describing the valid range of the fits do not necessarily indicate the onset or completion of a transition. 

Tests data against valid ranges (e.g.. pH<]4) or lists of acceptable data (e.g., chemical names). 

Current option 136, 214 density matrix 263 l,2-dichloro-l,2-difluoroethane 24 dichloroethane 239, 242 dielectric constant 239 diffuse functions 99 difluoroethylene 45 dihedral angles 290 valid range 288 n,n-dimethylformamide 105 dipole moment 20... 

Recent developments of the chemical model of electrolyte solutions permit the extension of the validity range of transport equations up to high concentrations (c 1 mol L"1) and permit the representation of the conductivity maximum Knm in the framework of the mean spherical approximation (MSA) theory with the help of association constant KA and ionic distance parameter a, see Ref. [87] and the literature quoted there in. 

Various attempts have been made to increase the valid range of the Debye- Huckel equation to regions of high ionic strength by the use of empirically fitted parameters. Several of these equations are listed in table I. 

The year 1954 is a landmark in Prigogine s research in thermodynamics for the first time he ventures to break down the barrier of linearity. As in all sciences, the simplest problems occur when one studies the phenomena that happen in the neighborhood of a known reference state. The tools necessary for this study have been handed down to us by the mathematicians of the nineteenth century linear analysis, a complete, simple and elegant formalism, offering the solution of all problems in this realm. Unfortunately, when applied to physical problems, one must take into account that its validity range is very limited. 

As the semiclassical tunneling theory and Bardeen s original approach become inaccurate for potential barriers close to or lower than the energy level, the validity range of the MBA is much wider. In this subsection, the accuracy of the MBA is tested against an exactly soluble case, that is, the one-dimensional transmission through a. square barrier of thickness W=2 A (see Fig. 2.9). 

Nevertheless, chemometric models are not developed with the aim of supporting a theory or describing a phenomenon from a general point of view, but with the aim of obtaining answers for particular real problems. Therefore, if the validity range of a model corresponds to the region of... 

A second flow measurement to be considered during scale-up is the ability of the granulate/powder to fill the dies. This can most efficiently be monitored by punch force variability and individual core weight measurements. Acceptable weight control (<3% RSD) and force (<5% RSD) may be masked at slower compression speeds typically used for development or when a tablet press is not fully tooled. Production operations will tend to run at the high end of any validated range, so flow must be consistent from batch to batch. 

Typically, linearity and accuracy determination covers a wide concentration range (e.g., 50% of the ICH reporting limit to 150% of specification). However, the concentration range for precision will be limited by the availability of sample of different related substance levels. Therefore, to ensure an appropriate method validation range with respect to precision, it is critical to use samples of low and high levels of related substance in precision experiments (e.g., fresh and stressed samples). 

When the standard curve has been established and the LLOQ and ULOQ validated, the assessment of unknown concentrations by extrapolation is not allowed beyond the validated range. The most accurate and precise estimates of concentration is in the linear portion of the curve even if acceptable quantitative results can be obtained up to the boundary of the curve using a quadratic model. For a linear model, statistic calculations suggest a minimum of six concentrations evenly placed along the entire range assayed in duplicate [5,7,8]. 

Tyler et al. (1977) Yes Bloch functions, details to be published To be published Parabolic, but with discussion of validity range... 

Validity Range is range of the pressure (in MPa) over which the equations apply Equations are based on limited data beyond about 130MPa, and should be used with caution Shock wave is not exponential, but has a hump the similitude equation fits the portion of the wave beyond the hump. 

From Equation 12 it is seen that, over the valid range of the approximation used, the compressibility also bears a linear relationship to the temperature, as found with the volume. 

Over the valid range of the empirical isotherm equation, the heat of the sorption process is given by ... 

The output of the model is then compared with the output of the real device and the individual elements are iteratively adjusted. When a good fit is obtained, the model is tested. It is a very important step, because the robustness of this procedure must be characterized by establishing the range of validity of the model, for the frequency and amplitude of the excitation signal, as well as for the range of values of the individual circuit elements. The wider the validity range, the more accurate is the representation of the real device by its model. The flowchart for building the equivalent electrical circuit model is shown in Fig. 4.11, and the equivalent electrical circuit of a QCM harmonic oscillator is shown in Fig. 4.12. Close to its resonance,... 

Installation qualification Operational qualification Cleaning validation Ranging studies PLC qualification Process validation... 

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