Valentine

Valentine G J, Hopkins J-M, Loza-Alvarez P, Kennedy G T, Sibbett W, Burns D and Valster A 1997 Ultralow-pump-threshold, femtosecond Cr LiSrAIFg laser pumped by a single narrow-stripe AIGalnP laser diode Opt. Lett. 22 1639-41... 

Valentin J J, Coggiola M J and Lee Y T 1977 Supersonic atomic and molecular halogen nozzle beam source Rev. Sc/. Instrum 48 58-63... 

Valentin J J 1985 Coherent anti-Stokes spectroscopy Spectrometric Techniques vol 4, ed G A Vanasse (New York Academic) pp 1-62... 

Nikolay Kochev, Valentin Monev, and Ivan Bangov... 

Asymmetric hydrogenation has been achieved with dissolved Wilkinson type catalysts (A. J. Birch, 1976 D. Valentine, Jr., 1978 H.B. Kagan, 1978). The (R)- and (S)-[l,l -binaph-thalene]-2,2 -diylblsCdiphenylphosphine] (= binap ) complexes of ruthenium (A. Miyashita, 1980) and rhodium (A. Miyashita, 1984 R. Noyori, 1987) have been prepared as pure atrop-isomers and used for the stereoselective Noyori hydrogenation of a-(acylamino) acrylic acids and, more significantly, -keto carboxylic esters. In the latter reaction enantiomeric excesses of more than 99% are often achieved (see also M. Nakatsuka, 1990, p. 5586). 

Co. Spurlock Adhesives, Inc. Stuart-Ironsides, Inc. and Valite Division of Valentine Sugars, Inc. 

J. A. Valentine and co-workers. Increase Competitiveness in the Styrene Market, 1992, Sud-Chemie International Styrene Symposium, Ohita, Japan, Nov. 9,1992. 

Forveiy thin hquids, Eqs. (14-206) and (14-207) are expected to be vahd up to a gas-flow Reynolds number of 200 (Valentin, op. cit., p. 8). For liquid viscosities up to 100 cP, Datta, Napier, and Newitt [Trans. In.st. Chem. Eng., 28, 14 (1950)] and Siems and Kauffman [Chem. Eng. Sci, 5, 127 (1956)] have shown that liquid viscosity has veiy little effec t on the bubble volume, but Davidson and Schuler [Trans. Instn. Chem. Eng., 38, 144 (I960)] and Krishnamiirthi et al. [Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 7, 549 (1968)] have shown that bubble size increases considerably over that predic ted by Eq. (14-206) for hquid viscosities above 1000 cP. In fac t, Davidson et al. (op. cit.) found that their data agreed veiy well with a theoretical equation obtained by equating the buoyant force to drag based on Stokes law and the velocity of the bubble equator at break-off ... 

At high-flow rates through perforated plates such as those that occur in distillation columns, Calderbank and Rennie [Trans. In.stn. Chem. Engrs., 40, T3 (1962)] Porter et al. [ibid., 45, T265 (1967)] Rennie and Evans [Br. Chem. Eng, 7, 498 (1962)] and Valentin (op. cit.. Chap. 3) have investigated and discussed the effect of the flow conditions through the iTuutiple orifices on the froths and foams that occur above perforated plates. 

David W. Taylor Model Basin, Washington, September 1953 Jackson, loc. cit. Valentin, op. cit.. Chap. 2 Soo, op. cit.. Chap. 3 Calderbank, loc. cit., p. CE220 and Levich, op. cit.. Chap. 8). A comprehensive and apparently accurate predictive method has been publisned [Jami-alahamadi et al., Trans ICE, 72, part A, 119-122 (1994)]. Small bubbles (below 0.2 mm in diameter) are essentially rigid spheres and rise at terminal velocities that place them clearly in the laminar-flow region hence their rising velocity may be calculated from Stokes law. As bubble size increases to about 2 mm, the spherical shape is retained, and the Reynolds number is still sufficiently small (<10) that Stokes law should be nearly obeyed. 

One cannot quantitatively predict the effect of the various interfacial phenomena thus, these phenomena will not be covered in detail here. The following literature gives a good general review of the effects of interfacial phenomena on mass transfer Goodridge and Robb, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund., 4, 49 (1965) Calderbank, Chem. Eng. (London), CE 205 (1967) Gal-Or et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 61(2), 22 (1969) Kintner, Adv. Chem. Eng., 4 (1963) Resnick and Gal-Or, op. cit., p. 295 Valentin, loc. cit. and Elenkov, loc. cit., and Ind. Eng. Chem. Ann. Rev. Mass Transfer, 60(1), 67 (1968) 60(12), 53 (1968) 62(2), 41 (1970). In the following outhne, the effects of the various interfacial phenomena on the factors that influence overall mass transfer are given. Possible effects of interfacial phenomena are tabulated below ... 

Ashton and Valentin, Mixing of Powders and Particles in Industrial Mixers, Trisni. Inst. Chem. Eng. (London), 44, tl65-tl88 (1966). 

HB Gray, WR Ellis Jr. Electron transfer. In 1 Bertmi, HB Gray, SJ Lippard, JS Valentine, eds. Biomorganic Chemistry. Sausalito, CA University Science Books, 1994, pp 315-363. 

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