Vacuum wavelengths

In a multichannel YI, monochromatic laser light with a vacuum wavelength X is coupled into an input channel waveguide and split to N output parallel channels, as shown in Fig. 10.5 (in this figure a network of three Y-junctions is used to split the light to four output channels). 

The polymer-substrate (2-3) interface is assumed to be sharp and smooth, but the plasma-polymer (1-2) interface may be diffuse or rough. Unpolarized light of vacuum wavelength A is incident upon the system from region 1 at an angle 0, relative to the normal. 

Energy conversion table. Values of photon (vacuum) wavelength (nm), wavenumber (1 cm-1), frequency (THz) and energy (eV, J), as well as the energy per mole (J mol-1) of a chemical reaction can be easily converted if a ruler is placed horizontally over the chart. The bandgaps of different semiconductors are also indicated, as well as the wavelength of the intensity peak of a blackbody radiation for different temperatures. 

Wavelengths below 2000 A are generally reported as vacuum wavelengths, whereas those above 2000 A are generally reported as wavelengths in standard air. Wave numbers are always reported as vacuum wave numbers. The cgs unit of wave number is the reciprocal centimeter, cm-1. 

Figure 3. Angular dependence of the effective layer thickness (dr) and the "penetration depth (d ) for parallel and perpendicular polarization of the incident light ( vacuum wavelength of the light n, = 1.51 n2 = 1.0).

Fig. 3. First successful observation of laser resonance of antiprotonic helium, now attributed to the (n, l) = (39,35) —> (38,34) transition. (Left) Observed time spectra of delayed annihilation of antiprotons with laser irradiation of various vacuum wavelengths near 597.2nm. Spikes due to forced annihilation through the resonance transitions are seen. (Upper right) Enlarged time profile of the resonance spike. (Lower right) Normalized peak count versus vacuum wavelength in the resonance region. From Morita et al. [11]...

Fig. 6. The experimental values of the vacuum wavelengths for transitions (39,35)—>(38,34) and (37,34)—>(36,33) are compared with recent theoretical values [,19,20], which agree within precisions of a few ppm when the relativistic corrections and the Lamb shift axe taken into account. From Torii et al. [18]...

Fig. 10. (Upper) Partial level scheme of pHe+, summarizing the six transitions between normally metastable states observed by the new HAIR, method (bold arrows). Only the vacuum wavelengths for transitions observed until now are shown (in units of nm). (Lower) Dependence of the quenching cross section ag by H2 (full symbols) and D2 (open symbols) on the quantum numbers n and l. Arrows pointing downwards indicate laser induced transitions between a metastable and a short-lived state, while those pointing upwards represent HAIR, transitions between a long-lived lower state and a H2-induced short-lived upper state. From Ketzer et al. [31,32]...

Here, Co = 2.99792458 x 10 ms is the speed of light in vacuum and Ao the vacuum wavelength. For non-absorbing (transparent) media, far from resonances, is a real quantity. It is then related by (13) to a property better known in chemistry, the refractive index of the material. A high refractive index, n , is therefore an expression of a high linear susceptibility. For optical frequencies as provided by light in the UV-visible range, is also related to the relative permittivity (dielectric constant), because Maxwell s relation, holds. 

Table I. Coincidences between transitions in the B liy-X Tg Systems of Na2 and Li2 and argon laser lines. Dimer laser emission has been observed from all the underlined transitions. The accuracy is 5 x lO" A for all resolved lines. A is the difference in A between measured vacuum wavelength and the calculated wavelength from the constants of References 6 and 7.

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