Utilities electric generators

It is intended to install on-site energy measurement at all of Southern California Gas Compare utility electric generating plants as well as its wholesale customers (approximately 30 locations). Currently, however, only four pilot installations are in and operating and these are at our own facilities. They are located at Blythe, Needles, and Newberry Springs, the points where we measure the gas we purchase from El Paso Natural Gas Company and Transwestem Pipeline Compaity, our major out-of-state suppliers. These locations are all in the Mojave Desert and it is believed that if the eqiripment will operate under these severe conditions, it will operate anyv/here. Temperatures at these locations may vary on a daily basis by as much... 

Table 1. Estimated Emissions from Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Generating Units at U.S. Electric Utilities, 10 t ...

About 6000 MW of electricity generating capacity in the United States is based on the operation of several hundred wood-fired plants. Most of them ate owned by paper companies and saw mills, which bum their own scrap wood to generate heat and electricity, primarily for on-site use. Excess electricity is commonly sold to utilities. Eewer than 10 of the country s wood-fired plants, generating less than 300 MW, are actually operated by utilities other wood-fired plants have been built and are operated by iadependent producers. The largest units range between 50—60 MW. 

Not all of the gas is wasted. About 300 MW of electricity is generated from landfills. A variety of electric generation systems have been employed by a small number of developers. Most projects use simple technology and are small (2—10 MW). However, an EPRI study has estimated that landfill gas resources in the United States could support 6,000 MW of generation if utilized in 2-MW-sized carbonate fuel cells. Constmction on the world s first utihty-scale direct carbonate fuel cell demonstration was begun in California. If successful, EPRI estimates that precommercial 3-MW plants based on this design could become available by the end of this decade at an installed cost of 17,000/kW. 

Fossil-Fuel-Fired Steam Generators for Which Construction Commenced after August 17, 1971 Electric Utility Steam Generating Units for Which Construction Commenced after September 18, 1978... 

Usually, major pumps are spared, even if the philosophy of shutting down an entire train is adopted. Other spares or bypasses are often left out for such a philosophy, but standard bypasses (control valves, major block valves, etc.) are normally included otherwise. The utility area will have normal sparing (for example, three 3-capacity electric generators), even if train shutdown philosophy dictates the process area. 

For much of their history, electric utilities in the United States promoted new uses of power in order to increase their sales and thus their profits. However, during the 1970s, the dramatic rise in world oil prices and growing concern about the environmental impacts of electricity generation (especially... 

In the past, electric utilities dispatched generating units to meet demand on a lowest-to-highest cost basis. This form of dispatch is commonly referred to as economic dispatch. The marginal or incremental cost of dispatching units is traditionally the benchmark used to rank order available generators. These marginal costs, m the very short run, are typically... 

ECAR was established in 1967, and its current membership includes 29 major electricity suppliers in nine east-central states serving more than 36 million people. The current full members ol ECAR are those utilities whose generation and transmission have an impact on the reliability of the overall region. 

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