User-Innovator Proximity and Regional Innovation Design

The review of literature on the international diffusion reveals that although some factors have been identified determining the adoption lag between countries, there is no theoretical concept of the mechanisms of the international diffusion of nationally induced innovations. International adoption models have rarely been combined with models of local or global externalities described in section 2.3. Furthermore, in these studies the link between early adoption and the competitive advantage of companies is only stressed by Tilton (1971). This link is especially the main contribution of the international product life cycle proposed by Vernon (1966). To conclude this review, I now turn to the historical assessment of the home market advantage of multinational firms. 

5 User-Innovator Proximity and Regional Innovation Design 

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