Use in protein studies

Another electrochemical technique being used in protein studies is square-wave voltammetry. The usefulness of this method is often ascribed to its ability to factor out the double-layer charging current but for protein molecules confined to a film, the advantages are the increased sensitivity and additional kinetic information that can be obtained by varying the frequency and pulse amplitude. The data are more difficult to extract than cyclic voltammetry, and we will not attempt to elaborate on this aspect, although studies that have included square-wave voltammetry will be mentioned later in this chapter. 

The most commonly used fluors for the studies on nucleic acids are ethidium bromide, proflavln, acrlflavin, and acridine orange. Those preferred for use in protein studies are ANS, 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene sulfonate (DNS), 2-p-toluidylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TOS) fluorescein, rhodamine, and dansyl chloride. 

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