Use as flocculating agents

AUylamines are somewhat unique in that both amine and olefin functionahties are available. This allows the aHylamines to find uses in many areas where the simpler aLkylamines are not suitable, eg, taking advantage of the double bond to form polymeric ammonium salts used as flocculating agents (see... 

Synthetic examples include the poly(meth)acrylates used as flocculating agents for water purification. Biological examples are the proteins, nucleic acids, and pectins. Chemically modified biopolymers of this class are carboxymethyl cellulose and the lignin sulfonates. Polyelectrolytes with cationic and anionic substituents in the same macromolecule are called polyampholytes. 

The materials being used as flocculating agents can be broadly divided into two categories, inorganic and organic. The organic flocculants include... 

All applications of PAAM are related to its water-solubility. Its principal field of application uses its capacity to aggregate impurities contained in aqueous suspensions. It is thus primarily used as flocculating agent for treatment of waste water and ores. Another application of polyacrylamide is related to the coating of paper to which it simultaneously confers a barrier effect and a hydrophilic character that... 

Incidentally, enhanced settling rates can be obtained, however, by use of flocculating agents which increase the effective particle size, as indicated in Figure 2.4. 

To reduce or avoid agglomeration removal of certain impurities such as charged polymers could be effective - once identified, while to enhance agglomeration certain additives could be used as are commonly employed as flocculating agents to enhance solid-liquid separation in the water industry for example. These effects have to be determined empirically with care, however, since they can be pH and supersaturation dependent. 

Aziridine is an intermediate and monomer in the preparation of cationic polymers, such as polyaziridine (polyethyleneimine). These polymers are used to improve wet strength of paper, in fuel-oil and lubricant refining, as flocculating agents and in protective coatings, in textile finishing and for adhesives, polymer stabilizers, and surfactants (Lewis, 1993 Scherr et al., 1995). 

The primary use of acrylamide is in the production of polyacrylamide homopolymers and copolymers with nonionic, cationic, or anionic properties. Polyacrylamides are used as flocculants in wastewater treatment plants, as coagulants in the treatment of potable water, as fiber and pigment binders in the paper industry, as thickeners in soaps and personal grooming preparations, and as sizing agents in the permanent press fabric industry. Acrylamide monomer is used to... 

Sachtoperse Hl , 1IIJ-N, HU-D (smallest particle size grades from below 0.1 to 0.2 pm, used as nucleating agents and anti-flocculating additives)... 

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