Urine analysis horses

Corticosteroids are used by some athletes and racing horses to enhance their performances. In order to prohibit drug doping, many sport organizations, e.g., International Olympic Committee, attempt to monitor the corticosteroids in urine of athletes. An example of earlier GC-MS method in steroid screen consists of procedures of deconjugation of glucuronide and sulfate, derivatization with MSTFA and GC-MS analysis [98], The more recent LC-MS/MS methods separate the corticosteroids by... 

A similar full scan MS approach was presented by Tang et al. for screening of quartemary ammonium compounds and quantification of ipratropium in horse urine [24] (Table 5). However, they used an IT mass spectrometer that additionally allowed confirmatory analysis of the drug by MS/MS experiments for verification of HPLC peak-drug assignment. 

Shaw M L, Carpenter J W, Leith D E 1995 Complications with the use of carfentanil citrate and xylazine hydrochioride to immobiiize domestic horses. Journai of the American Veterinary Medicai Association 206 833-836 Singh A K, Mishra U, / shraf M et ai 1987 Analysis of detomidine in horse blood, plasma and urine samples utilizing a sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Journal of Chromatography 404 223-232... 

Phillips, D., Tebbett, I. R., and Kalita, S. 1990. Solid phase extraction and analysis of horse urine for aminocaproic acid, Chromatographia, 30 309-310. 

In veterinary medicine, boldenone, a synthetic anabolic steroid (Figure 2.1), is commercially available, hence it is a concern in the horseracing industry. Pu et al. (2004) used ion-trap LC-MS analysis to detect boldenone conjugates (sulfate and glucuronide) and their 17-epimers in horse mine after intramuscular administration of boldenone undecylenate. Soon afterwards. Ho et al. (2004) reported the occurrence of endogenous boldenone sulfate in the urine of uncastrated male horses, and quantitated it by quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) LC-MS-MS. 

A procedure for the detection and Identification of dexamethasone in horse urine has been described and has a sensitivity limit of 2 meg. per ml. of urine taken for analysis. 

Prednisolone along with other corticosteroids could be separated within 6 min by El SFC/MS. The packed column SFC/MS was applied for the analysis of a TLC scrape of a urine sample collectd two hours after the intramuscular administration of 100 mg of prednisolone to a horse. The extracted ion current profile for the abundant fragment ion at m/z 122 and the molecular ion at m/z 360 easily identify the prednisolone in this sample. Packed-column SFC/MS... 

Takeda, A. Shinohara, T. Simultaneous analysis of tiar-amide metabolites in horse urine and plasma by sohd-phase extraction and reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1995,19 (6), 435-442. 

Dumasia, M.C., and Houghton, E. (1991) Screening and confirmatory analysis of beta-agonists, beta-antagonists and their metabolites in horse urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography, 564,503-513. 

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