Urine analysis arsenic speciation

Sloth, J. J., Julshamn, K., Larsen, E. H. Selective arsenic speciation analysis of human urine reference materials using gradient elution ion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS. J Anal At Spectrom 2004, 19, 973-978. 

Total arsenic and speciation analysis revealed no marked increase in arsenic blood, serum and packed cells levels up to 7 h after ingestion. As species identified in urine were DMA, MMA and DMAE. Another 5 species remained unknown. In simulated gastric fluid incubated with algae, a degradation of arsenosugars into a compound with a mass of 254 Da was observed... 

There is still a large need for the preparation of reference materials certified for arsenic compounds in various matrices, such as food, urine, and water. Currently, only standard reference materials prepared from fish are available. These materials will help to prepare quality-controlled data on arsenic compounds and, of course, establish speciation analysis in routine laboratories. 

Blood arsenic levels are highly variable. Blood arsenic, normally less than Igg/dL, may be elevated on acute intoxication. It is probably the most important diagnostic test for detecting arsenic exposure. Arsenic metabolites (inorganic arsenic -I- MMA -i- DMA) in urine have also been used as biomarkers of recent arsenic exposure (Yamauchi et al., 1989). A recent study by Yoshimura et al. (2011) showed that acute arsenic poisoning can also be confirmed by speciation analysis of arsenic compoxmds in the plasma and urine by HPLC-ICP-MS. Multiple blood purification methods can also be used as a combined treatment for acute arsine poisoning (Wu et al., 2010). 

Yoshimura, Y, Endo, Y, Shimoda, Y, et al., 2011. Acute arsine poisoning confirmed by speciation analysis of arsenic compounds in the plasma and urine by HPLC-ICP-MS. J. Occup. Health 53, 45-49. 

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