Urban tourism

The point about data distortion can be illustrated by reference to sex tourism. Unlike the other product areas of tourism, it seems that no one wants to claim that sex tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors with a very bright future. The example illustrates the point that it might well be that it is researcher enthusiasm (or lack of it) that is driving the claims for market importance and growth. Comments made by Ashworth (1992) in relation to urban tourism are applicable across many of the product-based interest areas. Ashworth (1992 6) notes that most studies are based on very global estimates of quantities and very vague descriptions of the nature of visitors... Usable information is just much more difficult to obtain about the tourist than the facility. ... 

Ashworth, G.J. (1992) Is there an urban tourism Tourism Recreation Research 17 (2), 3-8. 

Ashworth, G.J. (2003) Urban tourism Still an imbalance in attention In C. Cooper (ed.) Classic Reviews in Tourism (pp. 143-163). Clevedon Channel View Publications. 

Jansen-Verbeke, M. and Van Rekom, J. (1996) Scanning museum visitors Urban tourism marketing. Annals of Tourism Research 23 (2), 364—375. 

Law, C.M. (2002) Urban Tourism The Visitor Economy and the Growth of Large Cities (2nd edn). London Continuum. 

Pearce, D. (2001) An integrative framework for urban tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research 28 (4), 926-946. 

Pearce, P.L. and Hyvonen, T. (2003) Litter in the city Visitor perceptions and sustainable practices for urban tourism. Tourism 51 (2), 193-204. 

At sea, the nature of the waste varies greatly depending on whether we consider the beaches, the surface or the seabed, and according to the activities. As a result, managers must consider the specific types of waste characteristics of an area, fishing or tourism, for example and the specific types of activity, industrial, agricultural, urban or harbor. Thus, for a global definition, the diversity of activities, places and future plans requires the consideration of local particularities. 

Identifying the sources of most polymers is difficult because the point of entry is often diffuse, their fate being determined by the currents and their tracking being complex. Plastics are transported directly or indirectly to the sea by rivers and streams, by treated water, or dnring extreme events such as floods. The land-based litter includes widespread sources such as runoff, but also those related to economic activities such as tourism, industiy and urban and port activities. According to the French Ministry of the Enviromnent, beach users produce on average one liter of waste per person per day. Some are abandoned and quickly find themselves in the sand or in the sea. 

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