Universal Thermal Climatic

A relatively new initiative is the Universal Thermal Climatic Index (UTCI) (www. utci.org). Thermal strain is estimated with a thermal model based on input of climatic parameters. For any combination of air temperature, wind, radiation, and humidity... 

The thermal efficiency of a steam power cycle is increased when the press and hence the vaporization temperature in the boiler is raised. It is also increas by increased superheating in the boiler. Thus, high boiler pressures and te peratures favor high efficiencies. However, these same conditions increase capital investment in the plant, because they require heavier construction more expensive materials of construction. Moreover, these costs increase ev more rapidly as more severe conditions are imposed. Thus, in practice po plants seldom operate at pressures much above 10,000 kPa and tempera much above 600°C. The thermal efficiency of a power plant increases as pressure and hence the temperature in the condenser is reduced. However, condensation temperature must be higher than the temperature of the coo medium, usually water, and this is controlled by local conditions of climate geography. Power plants universally operate with the condenser pressure as 1 as practicable. 

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