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Increased capital investment

Additional capital costs for injection equipment will also be involved if it is thought necessary to dose one or both streams with additives to reduce the fouling problem. Consideration of on-line cleaning (see Chapter 15) such as the Taprogge system for cooling water, will also involve additional capital. It has to be said however, that on-line cleaning can be very effective and that the additional capital cost can often be justified in terms of reduced operating costs. [Pg.16]


Economic and social changes in Western Europe in the past 35 years have caused farmers to alter farming practices in an attempt to achieve higher yields. These farmers have increased capital investments and decreased man-power hours needed for farming. This point is evidenced by a 50% reduction in the number of persons working in agricultural fields between 1970 and 1982 (Table I), as Western Europe entered the era of high intensity crop production ). [Pg.117]

The marginal prices support this conclusion. The incremental changes in decision variables, Ay, required to improve 0 result in increased capital investment. Table V shows the results of a stepwise change. [Pg.229]

The thermal efficiency of a steam power cycle is increased when the press and hence the vaporization temperature in the boiler is raised. It is also increas by increased superheating in the boiler. Thus, high boiler pressures and te peratures favor high efficiencies. However, these same conditions increase capital investment in the plant, because they require heavier construction more expensive materials of construction. Moreover, these costs increase ev more rapidly as more severe conditions are imposed. Thus, in practice po plants seldom operate at pressures much above 10,000 kPa and tempera much above 600°C. The thermal efficiency of a power plant increases as pressure and hence the temperature in the condenser is reduced. However, condensation temperature must be higher than the temperature of the coo medium, usually water, and this is controlled by local conditions of climate geography. Power plants universally operate with the condenser pressure as 1 as practicable. [Pg.138]

In an expanding industry, it may be the policy to deliberately oversize critical equipment that cannot be modified for increased capacity. The safety factors in Table 1.3 account for future trends however, considerable judgment must be exercised to provide reasonable chances of equipment operating without unreasonably increasing capital investment. [Pg.6]

An alternative scheme is to split the evaporation process into stages (in different vessels), commonly referred to as effects, where the flow of liquor may be in the same direction, the backward direction, or normal to the flow of vapor. In such a scheme, the vapor generated in a given effect is used to boil the liquid in a different effect where a proper temperature driving force exists. In multiple-effect evaporation, one exchanges savings in steam costs for increased capital investment in equipment. [Pg.1606]

SO strategic combination— increase capital investment to build low carbon ecological mining operation... [Pg.1173]

The corresponding capital and production costs C and P are related to operating current density by the curve in Fig. 6.3, where increasing capital investment C (to allow lower current densities) leads to decreasing production costs P (due to lower power costs). [Pg.259]

The main function of the power system is to provide electrical energy to the customers as economically as possible with an acceptable degree of continuity and quality, known as reliability. The two constraints of economics and reliability are competitive since increased reliability of supply generally requires increased capital investment. These two constraints are balanced in many different ways in different countries and by different utilities, though generally they are all based on various sets of deterministic criteria. [Pg.57]

The increasing consumption of acetal in China will be fuelled by the rapid expanding applications of engineered plastics in such industries as electronics, automobiles and construction. China will continue to increase capital investments and introduce advanced technology and equipment from abroad to meet the rising demand of rapid economy development. [Pg.19]

For the plastics processor, the application of coatings to the surface of molded parts adds cost, the uncertainties of adding liquids and the associated wet chemistry, and an additional operation that increases capital investment and broadens the quality control requirements. [Pg.295]


See other pages where Increased capital investment is mentioned: [Pg.181]    [Pg.422]    [Pg.509]    [Pg.214]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.471]    [Pg.222]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.356]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.280]    [Pg.387]    [Pg.840]   


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Capital investment

Investing

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