Unitized regenerative fuel cell

Ganesan P, Huang S, Popov BN (2008) Preparation and characterization of Pt/Nb-Ti02 cathode catalysts for unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs). ECS Trans 16(2) 1143-1150... 

Chen G, Bare SR, Mallouk TE (2002) Development of supported bifiinctional electrocatalysts for united regenerative fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc 149(8) A1092-A1099... 

Clearly, the CRR is a far more reversible reaction than ORR and the performance is excellent (0.5 W/cm ). In fact, the exchange current density of CRR and HOR (Vilekar et al., 2010) are of a similar order. Consequently, the H2—CI2 unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) is an excellent energy storage device as discussed later. 

The electrocatalytic membrane reactor as a unitized regenerative fuel cell... 

Jung, H. Y., S. Park, and B. N. Popov. 2009. Electrochemical studies of an unsupported Ptir electrocatalyst as a bifunctional oxygen electrode in a unitized regenerative fuel cell.. Power Sources 191 357-361. 

Y. (2007) Chemical deposition of platinum nanoparticles on iridium oxide for oxygen electrode of unitized regenerative fuel cell. Electrochem. Commun., 9, 1029-1034. 

Grigoriev, S.A., Millet, P., Porembsky, V.I., and Fateev, V.N. (2011) Development and preliminary testing of a unitized regenerative fuel cell based on PEM technology. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36, 4164-4168. 

B. N. (2010) High-durability titanium bipolar plate modified by electrochemical deposition of platinum for unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC)./. Power Sources, 195, 1950-1956. 

P., and Popov, B.N. (2009) Performance of goldbipolar plates in unitized regenerative fuel cell operation. /. Power Sources, 194, 972-975. 

Burke, K.A. (2003) Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell System Development. Technical Memorandum NASA/TM-2003-212739, NASA. 

Huang S-Y, Ganesan P, Zhang P, Popov BN (2009) Development of novel metal oxide supported Pt catalysts for Polymer electrolyte membrane and unitized regenerative fuel cells applications. ECS Trans 25 1893-1902... 

The literature uses the terminology URFC (Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell) for a solution with a single core, and RFC (Regenerative/Reversible Fuel Cell) for a solution with two cores. 

Chen, G. et al. 2002. Development of supported bifunctional electrocatalysts for unitized regenerative fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 149 A1092. 

Fujiwara et al. (2011) showed the possibility of preparing reversible air electrodes that can be used in metal-air storage batteries or unitized regenerative fuel cells. To reduce the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide the reversible air electrodes were integrated with a polymer anion-exchange membrane which was placed between the cathode s catalytic layer (with Pt and Pt-Ir catalysts) and the alkaline solution. The membrane with anion permselectivity presumably inhibited the permeation of COj cations to the air electrode and thus suppressed precipitation of carbonates in pores of the air electrode. 

A. Verma, S. Basu, Feasibility study of a simple unitized regenerative fuel cell, J. Power Sources 135 (1-2) (2004)... 

S.S. Dihrab et al.. Review of the membrane and bipolar plates materials for conventional and unitized regenerative fuel cells. Renew. Sust. Energ Rev. 13 (6-7) (2009) 1663-1668. 

J.C. Cruz et al.. Nanosized Pt/IrOj electrocatalyst prepared by modified polyol method for application as dual function oxygen electrode in unitized regenerative fuel cells, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37 (7) (2012) 5508-5517. 

Mitlitsky, F., N. f. Colella, and B. Myers, Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells for Solar Rechargeable Aircraft and Zero Emission Vehicles, 1994 Fuel Cell Seminar (San Diego, CA, 1994). 

Mitlitsky, F., B. Myers, and A. H. Weisberg, Lightweight Pressure Vessels and Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells, 1996 Fuel Cell Seminar (Orlando, FL, 1996). 

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