United Kingdom humans

Short Guide to Reducing Human Error in Process Operation (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 1987)... 

Kirwan, B., Embrey, D. E., Rea, K. (1988). Human Reliability Assessors Guide P. Humphreys (Ed.). Report no. RTS 88/95Q, Safety and Reliability Directorate, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Wigshaw Lane, Culcheth, Warrington, WA3 4NE, England. 

Heard MJ, Wells AC, Newton D, et al. 1979. Human uptake and metabolism of tetra ethyl and tetramethyl lead vapour labelled with 203Pb. In International Conference on Management and Control of Heavy Metals in the Environment, London, England, September. Edinburgh, United Kingdom CEP Consultants, Ltd., 103-108. 

Jackson, J. G. and J. P. Zimmer (2007). Lutein and zeaxanthin in human milk independently and significantly differ among women from Japan, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Nutr. Res. 27(8) 449 -53. 

O Riordan, M.C., A.C. James, S. Rae and A.D. Wrixon, Human Exposure to Radon Decay Products Inside Dwellings in the United Kingdom, NRPB-R152, HMSO, London (1983). 

Concentrations of zinc in sediments and soils usually do not exceed 200 mg/kg, but can range between 3 and 118 g/kg as a result of human activities (Table 9.3). Atmospheric zinc levels were almost always <1 pg/m3, although they tended to be higher over industrialized areas (Goyer 1986). Average zinc concentrations, in pg/m3 atmosphere, were <0.001 at the South Pole, 0.01 to 0.02 in rural areas of the United States, <0.01 to 0.84 in U.S. cities, and 0.06 to 0.35 at various locations in the United Kingdom (Elinder 1986). 

In addition to these11,18 and other19 major Swedish efforts, modern work on ECT on animals and human beings is also being carried out in many other countries, e.g., United Kingdom,7 20 United States of America,21 22 Australia,23 24 Canada25,26 and other countries,27 especially, Japan28 and China.29... 

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease) is a progressive neurological degenerative disease in cattle. It is caused by a mutated protein called a prion. BSE was first reported in the United Kingdom in 1986. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare disease that occurs in humans. Evidence to date indicates it is possible for humans to acquire CJD after consuming BSE-contaminated cattle products. 

In many areas, bioethics will continue to pose vexing questions that communities and governments must face. In September 2007, the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) of the United Kingdom approved the research of hybrid embryos, which involves the insertion of human DNA... 

Ashton D, Hilton M, Thomas KV (2004) Investigating the environmental transport of human pharmaceuticals to streams in the United Kingdom. Sci Total Environ 333 167-184... 

Harrad S, Ibarra C, Abdallah MA, Boon R, Neels H, Covaci A (2008) Concentrations of brominated flame retardants in dust from United Kingdom cars, homes and offices causes of variability and implications for human exposure. Environ Int 34 1170-1175... 

In 2005, the EES A [62] made an estimation of PAE exposure in human populations based on the limited available literature on DEHP, DBP, BBP, DiNP, and DiDP concentration in foods and diets. Some studies have been conducted in two different populations in United Kingdom (UK) and Denmark from 1996 to 2003 [124—129]. Based on the information obtained from the mentioned studies, the EFSA estimated the daily oral intake and the maximum dietary exposure (calculated in the 95th percentile) (MDE) for the most used PAEs (Table 3). 

The most serious association of antibiotics with salmonellosis was the 1965 outbreak in England of phage type 29 Salmonella typhimurium, resistant to tetracyclines. Six human deaths were attributed to this epidemic. It was traced to "shotgun" treatment of young calves with antibiotics followed by wide dispersal of the calves ( ). Although this epidemic did not involve the use of livestock feeds containing antibiotics, the seriousness of the outbreak led to an inquiry in the UK and a report by the Swann Committee, 1969, into this use. The report of the committee called for a stop to the use of certain common antibiotics in animal feeds in the United Kingdom. 

The Interdepartmental Group on Health Risks from Chemicals (IGHRC) in the United Kingdom has published a document entitled Uncertainty Factors Their Use in Human Health Risk Assessment by UK Government (IGHRC 2003). The document intended to lay out the principles used in the United Kingdom. 

The EU has approved Council Directive No. 92/28/EEClO (of 31 March 1992, now consolidated as Articles 86 to 100 of Directive 2001/83/EC) on the advertising of medicinal products for human use, thus bringing Member States into line with common requirements and standards. The UK regulations have been amended to comply with the Directive. The Directive, Part IV of the UK Medicines Act 1968 as amended by the Advertising Regulations, and the ABPl Code of Practice for the Pharmaceutical Industry are broadly in line with one another. The commentary below on promotion relates primarily to the United Kingdom. While there have been some moves towards the international harmonisation of controls on promotion, these have had only a limited effect, despite the fact that in Europe, Member States all comply with Directive 92/28. 

The rules governing clinical trials in the United Kingdom are now set out in the Medicines for Human Use (Clinical Trials) Regulations 2004, which implement Directive 2001/20/EC on good clinical practice in the conduct of clinical trials. 

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