Unfolding sequential

To get site-specific information about this unfolding process, a similar series of peptides, Ac-(AAAAK)3AAAA-YNH2, was sequentially labeled with 13C on the C=0 of four Ala residues, first on those at the N terminus, and then sequentially for the three other tetra-Ala positions (Decatur and Antonie, 1999). IR results showed a band shifted down 40 cm-1 from the amide F, which formed a clearly resolved band... 

Scheme 4.10 The sequential addition of various CB[ ] and guests to 41 induces folding, forced unfolding, and refolding of 41 into four different conformations. See insert for color representation of this figure.

At long last, we ask you to read the Introduction to the aldehydes-in-beer article (excerpt 6A). If you have progressed through these textbook chapters sequentially, you have already read the Methods, Results, and Discussion sections. Admittedly, this order may seem a bit unusual. Remember, however, we want you to read the Introduction through the eyes of the writer, not the reader. As authors write their Introduction, they already know what unfolds in the rest of their paper now you, too, have this perspective. (If necessary, refer back to chapters 3—5, and excerpts 3A and 4A, to refresh your memory.) As you read the Introduction, consider how the authors introduce their story of scientific discovery. 

Finally, a major advance for women with HER-2 positive tumors is unfolding. The use of trastuzumab for one year concurrently (see Romond et al., 2005) or sequentially (see Piccart-Gebhart et al., 2005) with chemotherapy has shown very promising initial 1-2 year results showing an approximate 50%... 

For example, the thermal reactions of Os6(CO),8 with CO (56, 425) and P(OMe)3 (56, 98, 392) lead to the open raft species Osg(CO)2i and [Os6(CO)2i ) P(OMe)3 J (n = 1-6), respectively, probably by sequential bond hssion in the bicapped tetrahedral cluster. As indicated in Scheme 21, under slightly different reaction conditions, elimination of an osmium vertex occurs, resulting in the formation of clusters containing a trigonal-bipyrami-dal metal framework. These react further with nucleophiles to give open Osj clusters and finally substituted triosmium species. Cluster unfolding has also beeen observed in the reactions of Os5(CO),jH2 with a variety of nucleophiles (Scheme 22). 

The studies described above, as well as numerous others, have led to the conclusion that protein antigens may contain two general classes of determinant structures, namely, sequential and conformational. Sequential determinants would be those occurring in a linear conformation, as in the unfolded form of a protein, and conformational determinants would be those that are recognized by their homologous antibodies only when they occur in a particular conformation. The latter class would include determinants formed from amino acids that are located at distant points in the... 

Table 1 The sequential order of the chaperonin assisted refolding of Rubisco. /n vitro reconstitution of urea-denatured Rubisco was performed as specified in ref. 22 however, [cpn60]i4, [cpnlO] , Mg-ATP were applied in different orders to the unfolded Rubisco substrate...

A.17.5 The sequential model and the nucleation growth model. The sequential model proposes a step-by-step model in which there is linear movement within structural state space from unfolded to folded. Models like the nucleation growth model propose discontinuous folding during which a protein needs to create a critical nucleation point before collapsing into its folding confirmation. 

Kawahara, T., Yanagi, H., Yura, T., and Mori, K. (1998). Unconventional splicing of HAC1/ERN4 mRNA required for the unfolded protein response. Sequence-specific and non-sequential cleavage of the splice sites./. Biol. Chem. 273, 1802-1807. 

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