Underwater explosive devices

Refs 1) P. DeFrank, Underwater Explosive Devices , Offshore Technology (July 1967)... 

Cole, Underwater Explosions (1948), 146 -98 [Various devices for measuring underwater explns pressures. Included are ... 

Fuze, Mine. A fuze designed to initiate a train of fire in a land mine. For initiation of underwater (sea) mine a device known as "Firing Mechanism, Underwater Mine" It is a device contg combustible or explosive components, which can be actuated by an acoustic signal, impact, hydrostatic pressure, and/or magnetic influence (Ref 40a, pp 71... 

Obstacle clearance operations underwater take place often in marine development and bridge constructions [30]. However, it is difficult and dangerous to charge powders and set up detonation device in water for solid explosives. Especially, the removal of residual powders of squibs could endanger operator s life. The specific gravity of both liquid explosives and inert solution is larger than water. If the charge to a borehole is carried out successively with liquid explosives and inert solution, a layer of inert fluid should be formed above the liquid explosives. Thus, the liquid explosives in the hole could be completely separated from water, as shown in Fig. 1.2, the detonation could be operated safely [17]. 

Sudden explosions of W.W.II underwater ordnance pose a major threat to humans and marine life. Earthquake measuring devices regnlarly detect munitions explosions in the sea, Marc Koch told an international conference on munitions in Berlin 2007. 

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