Ultratrace elements excretion

Factors which are important for the lowering of human health risks due to mineral deficiency and intoxication are the normative requirements of the macro, trace and ultratrace elements, recommendations for their intake, their apparent absorption and excretion rates, their interactions, tolerance limits for chemicals in food and water, and occupational health standards. 

Fecal Excretion and Apparent Absorption of Ultratrace Elements... 

The majority of ultratrace elements are metals, and their fecal excretion rate is greater than 50% (Table 4.19). Fecal excretion of lead by people with a mixed diet is astonishingly low (50%), while the apparent absorption rate is very high (40% on average). The daily lead intake of test popula-... 

The fecal excretion rates of the ultratrace elements strontium, titanium, uranium and chromium were 90-99%, and the appa-... 

Tab. 4.19 Fecal excretion and apparent absorption rate of ultratrace elements by adults ...

Thus, the different absorption rates, the effects of other dietary components on the forms of vanadium in the stomach, and the rate of transformation into V appear markedly to affect the proportion of ingested vanadium that is absorbed (Patterson et al. 1986, Chasteen et al. 1986, Wiegman et al. 1982, Hansard etal. 1982b). Studies with humans and an intake of 11 to 39 pg V per day showed renal and lactational excretions of vanadium of approximately 5% and 16%, respectively. The apparent absorption rate varied between 10 and 25% (Table 27.5) (Anke et al. 1998d). Besides the form of vanadium, it is also the quantity of vanadium present that influences the absorption rate of this ultratrace element. 

Table 2 Excretion, retention, and possible biological roles of the ultratrace elements ...

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