Ultrasonic velocimetry

Hammoudi, M. et al. (2008) Flow analysis by pulsed ultrasonic velocimetry technique in SulzerSMX static mixer. Chem. Eng.]., 139 (3), 562-574. 

Another interesting alternative is ultrasonic velocimetry. Sound travels more quickly in solids than liquids, and it is possible to measure the solids content of an oil sample by measuring the time needed for an ultrasonic pulse to move through a fixed pathlength of oil as a function of temperature (McClements and Povey, 1987). Comparisons of ultrasonic with NMR methods have shown the former perform at least as well as the latter, and perform better in the case of low levels of solids (McClements and Povey, 1988). However, because this technique has not been widely adopted or received detailed review by the AOCS or other professional organizations, it is not given the status of a recommended method here. 

To elucidate the shear-banding scenario in wornolike micelles, different velocimetry techniques with high spatial resolution, typically between 10 and 50 pm, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) velocimetry, particle image velocimetry (PIV), particle tracking velocimetry (PTV), photon correlation spectroscopy (DLS), and ultrasonic velocimetry (USV) have been developed. All provide the velocity component along the flow direction taken from a one-dimensional slice across the gap. For details on these techniques, the reader is invited to refer to [245,246]. 

Calm electrobalance, buoyancy measurements in dialysis bags, etc. Currently, ultrasonic velocimetry is also applied successfully. 

Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry is a nonintrusive technique that has been developed into a very useful technique for opaque liquid flows [3]. This technique provides good measurement of velocity new high-frequency techniques give a space resolution on the millimeter level, and even the large turbulent scales can be resolved. 

The discussion above that led to Eqs. (4.2.6 and 4.2.7) assumes that the no-slip condition at the wall of the pipe holds. There is no such assumption in the theory for the spatially resolved measurements. We have recently used a different technique for spatially resolved measurements, ultrasonic pulsed Doppler velocimetry, to determine both the viscosity and wall slip velocity in a food suspension [2]. From a rheological standpoint, the theoretical underpinnings of the ultrasonic technique are the same as for the MRI technique. Flence, there is no reason in principle why MRI can not be used for similar measurements. 

Ultrasonic methods infrared scanning for emulsion stability determination, 597-598 spectrometry, emulsion droplet size determination, 581 velocimetry, to measure fat, 572 Ultraviolet (UV). see also Spectrophotometry protein analysis, CD, 219-243 protein concentrations by... 

Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry, 3 Ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP) measurements, 1, 2, 4. See also Gas-liquid interface Ultrasound echo intensity, 10-11, 13-15, 20... 

MannevUle S, Becu L, Colin A (2004a) High-frequency ultrasonic speckle velocimetry in sheared complex fluids. Eur Phys 1 Appl Phys 28(3) 361-373... 

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