Ultrasonic transducer heads

Although high in cost, it is often used in areas where transparency is needed— in combination with thermal and chemical demands—such as autoclavable medical and laboratory equipment, microwave components, and cookware. Other plications include sonar covers, speaker cones, ultrasonic transducer heads, and lightweight structural parts. It is also FDA compliant for use in food processing machinery (Figure 4.22). 

Among the magnetostrictive transducers it is more expedient to use those, which in their construction allows them to be used inside the extrusion head. The installation of transducers in the body of the forming tool, reduces the impact of the ultrasonic oscillations on the polymer. 

The design improved the continuous extrusion profile process and increased the output of the extrusion head. This improvement is achieved by using an ultrasonic horn within a many stream extrusion head. The magnetostrictive transducer horn is located in the extrusion channel and is cooled. The charmels of the profile section are formed between the profile section and the horn (Figure 5.1). 

The experiments used an industrial extruder ATL-45. The extrusion installation included a forming unit composed of a forming head to produce a square section 45 x 45 mm. Ultrasonic oscillations were produced in the forming head by two standard magnetostrictive transducers PMC-6-2 ultrasonic USF-1-4 oscillations. 

To machine the broach debris, ellptlcal nosed cutters of various angles were tried and non contact stand off ultrasonic techniques similar to that used for fishplate Interfaclal oxide measurements (6) evaluated. After a number of trials It was found that If the socket was machined out to a flat base of approximately 4mm diameter a 0° compression wave transducer could be used to generate an ultrasonic beam parallel to the bolt axis In a conventional contact type test, the machined socket head conveniently providing a reservoir for couplant (In this case ethylene glycol) prior to application of the probe. 

High-frequency transformers and resonant devices These include various transducers, sonar devices, ultrasonic cleaners, ultrasonic welders, filters, transformers, delay lines, and test-heads for nondestructive testing. Such devices operate at working frequencies ranging from kilohertz to megahertz. 

PZT appUcations (see e.g. Herbert 1982 Mattiat 1971 Rogacheva 1994 Setter and Colla 1993 Uchino 1997,2000 Waanders 1991) cover mainly the field of ultrasonics (ultrasound transducers, cleaners, fluid atomizers, welding etc ), sensors (e.g. for acceleration), gas ignitors, ceramic filters for TV and delay fines, sound transducers for buzzers and also various actuators (e.g. PZT bimorphs, ink-jet printer heads) etc. Although PZT compositions are known for many years they are still excellent for many applications. New PZT modifications are imder development. 

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