Ultrasonic machine

Electrical discharge machining Electrochemical milling Electron beam machining Laser beam machining Ultrasonic machining... 

A number of applications of power ultrasound are to be found in heavy industry both in metalworking and processing [17]. The machining of modem materials requires tools that can deal with unusual properties, complex shapes of work-pieces, and accuracy in working. Basic ultrasonic machining processes become of importance when dealing with carbides, stainless steels, ceramics and glass. Four main types of application are of industrial relevance ... 

Ultrasonic machining, also known as ultrasonic impact grinding, uses ultra-sonically induced vibration delivered to a tool to create accurate cavities and channels of many shapes [146]. It can be used to form deep cavities as small as 250 pm in diameter (with an accuracy of 50 pm) in both hard and brittle materials such as glass, quartz, polymers, ceramics and metals. This technique may be useful for fabrication of large masters. 

Study of 3D micro-ultrasonic machining. Journal of Manufacturing Science Engineering, Transactions of the ASME, 126, 727-732. 

Ultrasonic machining (USM) is also of particular importance when very hard type materials are to be cut. As an assist to drilling, HDM energy can extend the drill life when producing holes in reinforced plastics. If the plastic is conductive, electrical discharge machining (EDM) or electrochemical machining (ECM) may be useful. 

Uarco, Inc., 1713 U charts, 1844, 1847-1849, 1851 UILS, see Universeil indirect labor standards Ultrasonic detection, 1614-1615 Ultrasonic machining, 1323 Ultrasound sensors, 385, 386 UML, see Unified Modeling Language UMTRCA (Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act), 1153 Uncertainty interval of, 2548 optimization under, 2625-2628 Uncertainty avoidance (in national cultures), 957, 958, 960... 

Ultrasonic machining (USM) is a method in which a tool called sonotrode and free abrasives are used. The sonotrode vibrates at a very high frequency of about 20 to 40 KHz and drives the abrasive to create a brittle breakage on the workpiece surface. Since material removal is based on the brittle breakage, this... 

Compared to other micromachining processes such as micro-EDM, micro-USM (Ultrasonic machining), micro-LBM (laser beam machining), and tool-based micromachining, the initial setup as well as mnning cost of EMM is lesser. 

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