Ultrapure water production

These include wastewater cleanup for electroplating (75—78), radioactive processing (79—82), landfill leachate (76,83), and municipal wastewater (84—87) ultrapure water production for electronics-grade (88,89), laboratory-grade (90), and pharmaceutical-grade (91) materials and food processing (qv) (9). 

Fig. 11. Schematic of membrane-based hybrid process for ultrapure water production.

FIGURE 2.6 (See color insert following page 588.) Part of semiconductor plant ultrapure water production process. 

Tai MSL, Chua I, Li K, Ng WJ, and Teo WK, Removal of dissolved oxygen in ultrapure water production using microporous membrane... 

V. Sinha, Novel Membr. Reactor for Dissolved Oxygen Removal in Ultrapure Water Production , M. Eng. Thesis, National Univ. of Singapore, Singapore 2000. 

S. Yoshida, T. Watanabe and H. Uchino, Electrodeionization system - novel technique of ultrapure water production, Kaisui Gahkaishi (Bull. Soc. Seawater Sci.), 2002, 56, 220-227. 

N. Urai, System for ultrapure water production and waste water treatment in semiconductor factory, Denshi Zairyou (Electric Parts and Materials), 2002, 41(8), 43-48 M. Tamura, Development of hybridized desalination unit, D2EDI, Zousui Gijutus (J. Water Re-use Technol.), 2003, 28, 30-33. 

T. Hori, M. Hashino, A. Omori, T. Matsuda, K. Takasa and K. Watanabe, Synthesis of Novel Microfilters with Ion-Exchange Capacity and Its Application to Ultrapure Water Production System, J. Membrane Sci., 132 (1997) 203. 

Finally, we selected TAB and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) as the polyamine and TPC and TMC as the polyacylchloride. In consequence, we developed and commercialized "UTC-70" (Figure 4), a reverse osmosis membrane for ultrapure water production in electronics industries. Moreover, we found changing composition of these materials set us free to design membrane performance. 

Figure Vm 25. Flow diagram for an ultrapure water production system.

Section 6.3.3.3 studies RO in bulk flow parallel to the force configuration and describes various membrane transport considerations and flux expressions. Practical RO membranes are employed in devices with bulk feed flow perpendicular to the force configuration, as illustrated in Section 7.2.I.2. A simplified solution for a spiral-wound RO membrane is developed analytical expressions for the water flux as well as for salt rejection are obtained and illustrated through example problem solving. A total of sbt worked example problems have been provided up to Chapter 7. Chapter 9 (Figure 9.1.5) shows a RO cascade in a tapered configuration. Section 10.1.2 calculates the minimum energy required in reverse osmosis based desalination and compares it with that in evaporation. Section 11.2 covers the sequence of separation steps in a water treatment process for both desalination and ultrapure water production. The very important role played by RO in such plants is clearly illustrated. 

Absorption of O2 is encountered in the oxygenation of blood. The desorption of O2 from water is very important in degassing processes employed in ultrapure water production. Conunent on which resistance will be important in both processes. (Ans. Kc 2 x 10 cm/s Kpi = 1.1 x 10 gmol/cm -s-mole fraction.)... 

Figure 1.4 shows the progress of low-pressure membrane performance trends in RO membrane on brackish water desalination from the 1970s to the 1990s, ineluding industrial water treatment such as ultrapure water production. In the 1970s much effort was devoted to... 

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