Ultrafiltration water treatment

Anselme, C., and E. P. Jacobs, "Ultrafiltration," Water Treatment Membrane Processes, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Lyonnaise des Eaux, and Water Research Commission of South Africa, Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996. 

Interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) Ultrafiltration Water treatment [70]... 

By contrast porous ceramic membranes had found application since the 1960s in the field of large-scale gas diffusion processes for uranium isotope separation. It was only in the 1980s that porous ceramic membranes found other non-nuclear industrial applications, mainly oriented towards microfiltration and ultrafiltration water treatment processes. 

Ultrafiltration processes (commonly UF or UF/DF) employ pressure driving forces of 0.2 to 1.0 MPa to drive liquid solvents (primarily water) and small solutes through membranes while retaining solutes of 10 to 1000 A diameter (roughly 300 to 1000 kDa). Commercial operation is almost exclusively run as TFF with water treatment applications run as NFF. Virus-retaining filters are on the most open end of UF and can be run as NFF or TFF. Small-scale sample preparation in dilute solutions can be run as NFF in centrifuge tubes. 

Ultrafiltration (UF) is an important component in wastewater treatment and in food industry [109,110]. With increasing concerns and regulations in environment as well as in food safety, the process of ultrafiltration has become more critical, whereby new technology development to provide faster and more efficient water treatment is not only necessary but also urgent. Currently, conventional polymeric UF membranes are prepared mainly by the phase immersion process, typically generating an asymmetric porous structure with two major limitations (1) relatively low porosity and (2) fairly broad pore-size distribution [111,112],... 

Solute adsorption often involves hydrophobic interactions—hydrophobic membranes have a high tendency to foul in water treatments. However, many hydrophobic membranes remain the most useful media for ultrafiltration due to their superior performance in terms of mechanical, chemical and thermal stability. 

Filtration (water treatment) Refers to the physical separation of particles, colloids, or other contaminants from water by passing the liquid through permeable or semipermeable materials (compare with microfiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration). 

Beginning in about 1990, the first microfiltration/ultrafiltration plants were installed to treat municipal surface water supplies [14,15], The driver was implementation of an EPA surface water treatment rule requiring all utilities in the United... 

As the quality of drinking water sources gets worse, the methods of water treatment or the traditional water treatment systems need to be modernized. Pressure-driven membrane systems such as reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) and electric-driven membrane system such as... 

Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and air stripping can also be used for separating waste components, especially for waste-water treatment. 

Chaufer, B. and Deratini, A., Removal of metal ions by complexation ultrafiltration using water soluble macromolecules Perspective of application to waste water treatment, Nucl. Chem. Waste Manag. 8, 175, 1988. 

---