Ultrafiltration complexation

Kj is the distribution ratio of uncomplexed ions and all low molecular weight inorganic and organic complexes (ultrafiltration cutoff was at a molecular weight of 1000). 

Chaufer, B. and Deratini, A., Removal of metal ions by complexation ultrafiltration using water soluble macromolecules Perspective of application to waste water treatment, Nucl. Chem. Waste Manag. 8, 175, 1988. 

The complexation/ultrafiltration process is efficient for retention of non-active hazardous components of the wastes, e.g., heavy metals, which concentration has to be reduced according to national regulations. In the process described above, the retention of heavy metals was high, and reached 98% for manganese, 98.6% for iron, 92.4% for copper, 91.5% for nickel, and 94.7% for zinc. Some part of bivalent ions was also retained, for instance, Mg in 67%, Ca in 58%, in 22.6%. 

Complexation-ultrafiltration coupled with soil washing for soil remediation... 

Conceptual scheme of a complexation-ultrafiltration (UF)-diafiltration (DF)-photocatalysis modular integrated process for water recycling and copper recovery (a) metal chelate aqueous solution ... 

Mohnari R, Poerio T and Argurio P (2008), Selective separation of copper(II) and nickel(II) from aqueous media using the complexation-ultrafiltration process , Chemosphere, 70,341-348. 

Petrov S and Nenov V (2004), Removal and recovery of copper from wastewater by a complexation-ultrafiltration process . Desalination, 162,201-209. 

The general concept of the integration of ion exchange, which effectively increases the concentration of the metal ions to be recovered, with the metal deposition process to enhance the efficiency of the metal deposition can be applied with other separation/concentration methods. One of these methods is based on the use of crossflow membrane ultrafiltration [38]. The complexation-ultrafiltration of the dissolved metal ions allows the concentration of the solution prior to electrolysis. 

Korus, I., Bodzek, M. Loska, K. (1999) Removal of zinc and nickel ions from aqueous solutions by means of the hybrid complexation-ultrafiltration process. Separation and Purification Technology, 17,111-116. 

Zhang, Y.F. Xu, Z.L. (2003) Study on the treatment of industrial wastewater containing Pb + ion using a coupling process of polymer complexation-ultrafiltration. Separation Science and Technology, 38, 1585-1596. 

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