Ultrafiltration cross-flow configuration

Cross-flow is the usual case where cake compressibility is a problem. Cross-flow microfiltration is much the same as cross-flow ultrafiltration in principle. In practice, the devices are often different. As with UF, spiral-wound membranes provide the most economical configuration for many large-scale installations. However, capillary devices and cassettes are widely employed, especially at smaller scale. A detailed description of cross-flow microfiltration had been given by Murkes and Carlsson [Crossflow Filtration, Wiley, New York (1988)]. 

Also included are sections on how to analyze mechanisms that affect flux feature models for prediction of micro- and ultrafiltration flux that help you minimize flux decline. Descriptions of cross-flow membrane filtration and common operating configurations clarify tf e influence of important operating parameters on system performance. Parameters irdlucnc irxj solute retention properties during ultrafiltration arc identified and discussed or treated in detail. 

The difference between conventional dead-end filtration and cross-flow filtration is the configuration of the system. For large-scale operations, only cross-flow filtration will be used. The membranes for miocrofiltration as well as ultrafiltration are commonly utilized in a variety of filtration devices. There are three basic types of tangential flow filtration devices plate and frame, hollow fiber, and spiral wound membranes. 

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