Typical transmission electron microscope image

The structure and the surface morphology of the nanocomposite samples were studied using the atomic force microscopy (Solver P-47) and transmission electron microscopy (PEM-100) techniques. Analysis showed that the samples contained the uniformly distributed nanopartides of used materials with sizes of 10-25 nm. Figure 7.2 presents the typical transmission electron microscope image of a nanocomposite sample containing 5% nanopartides MnO. As can be seen, MnO particles are situated on the sample surface. These particles are distributed quite uniformly and have dimensions of about 10 nm, but not exceeding 20 nm. 

The history of EM (for an overview see table Bl.17,1) can be interpreted as the development of two concepts the electron beam either illuminates a large area of tire sample ( flood-beam illumination , as in the typical transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging using a spread-out beam) or just one point, i.e. focused to the smallest spot possible, which is then scaimed across the sample (scaiming transmission electron microscopy (STEM) or scaiming electron microscopy (SEM)). In both situations the electron beam is considered as a matter wave interacting with the sample and microscopy simply studies the interaction of the scattered electrons. 

This chapter reviews some of the work done on disordered carbon-black-polymer composites by my collaborators and myself over the past several years. These composites have widespread commercial applications. A qualitative analysis of a transmission electron microscope image is presented. Quantitative analyses of scanning probe microscope images and dc electrical resistivity data are presented. The resistivity and linear expansion of a typical composite between 25 and 180 C are measured and analyzed. The scaling theory of percolation provides a good explanation of most of our data. 

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