Typical transmission electron micrographs

Some typical transmission electron micrographs of these polystyrene lattices are shown (Sample 2 and Sample 3) in Figure 10.6. The effects ofthe amount of stabilizer S is the relative amount of stabilizer) on the particle size is strong the more stabilizer applied, the smaller the particles are. It must be emphasized that this effective stabilization of nanopowders by our fluorinated block copolymers is not restricted to polymerization processes, but can be generalized to the fabrication of all organic nanopowders in media with low cohesion energy density, e.g., to the dispersion of dyes, explosives, or drugs. 

Figure 13. Typical transmission electron micrograph of an ultrathin section (about 60nm) of cesium sulfonate groups having 1100 EW. Reproduced from Ref. 28. Copyright 1981 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 7. Typical transmission electron micrographs of 640 nm polystyrene spheres on which one monolayer of Au Si02 nanoparticles has been assembled. The size of the Au cores is 15 nm in all cases. From left to right, the silica shell thicknesses are 8,18, and 28 nm...

Fig. 33. A typical transmission electron micrograph showing the appearance of dislocations (in this case vacancy loops and basal dislocations in M0S2 are visible). 20,000 X. Reprinted with the permission of the Faraday Society (S 7).

Because of the nature of the in situ precipitation, the particles are essentially unagglomerated (as demonstrated by electron microscopy). The mechanism for their growth seems to involve simple homogeneous nucle-ation. Since the particles are separated by polymer, they do not have the opportunity to coalesce. Figure 9.2 shows a typical transmission electron micrograph of such a silica-filled material. The particles are relatively monodisperse, most having diameters in the range of 100-200 A. Similar results have been obtained with other particles formed by sol-gel... 

The carboxylic acid groups were converted first to the potassium salt and then to Co(II) salts by addition of cobalt(II) acetate solution to the copolymer latex with agitation in an ultrasonic bath to produce the latex catalysts listed in Table 1. The latexes were purified by ultrafiltration through a 0.1 im cellulose acetate/nitrate membrane (Millipore) until tiie conductivity of the filtrate at 25 C was constant at 40 x lO" ohm l cm"l. Purified latexes contained 1-2% solids. An upper limit of 3 x 10" for the firaction of Co(II) not bound to the latex was established by addition of 1,10-phenanthroline to the ultrafiltrate and UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis of tiie Co(II) complex. By the same criterion, addition of 6 mol of pyridine per mol of Co(II) to form the active catalysts did not extract cobalt ions from the latex. Thus practically dl of the Co(II) was bound to latex. A typical transmission electron micrograph of catalyst RC-1 is shown in Figure 1. 

Fig. 4.32. Typical transmission electron micrographs of quenched linear polyethylene fractions for indicated molecular weights. Reproduced from [202] with permission. Copyright 1984, John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Figure 1. Typical transmission electron micrographs of fragments of sanq>les ET2.5 (a) and of ET20 (b).

Figure C2.17.4. Transmission electron micrograph of a field of Zr02 (tetragonal) nanocrystals. Lower-resolution electron microscopy is useful for characterizing tire size distribution of a collection of nanocrystals. This image is an example of a typical particle field used for sizing puriDoses. Here, tire nanocrystalline zirconia has an average diameter of 3.6 nm witli a polydispersity of only 5% 1801.

Fig. 2. Transmission electron micrograph of ABS produced by a mass process. The mbber domains are typically larger in size and contain higher...

Fig. 21. Transmission electron micrograph (tern) made from a cross-section of a metal-evaporated tape medium with the typical banana-like shape of...

Transmission electron micrographs show hectorite and nontronite as elongated, lath-shaped units, whereas the other smectite clays appear more nearly equidimensional. A broken surface of smectite clays typically shows a "com flakes" or "oak leaf surface texture (54). High temperature minerals formed upon heating smectites vary considerably with the compositions of the clays. Spinels commonly appear at 800—1000°C, and dissolve at higher temperatures. Quartz, especially cristobalite, appears and mullite forms if the content of aluminum is adequate (38). 

Fig. 13.1.5 Transmission electron micrograph of typical maghemite ("y-Fe203) panicles. Hc = 360 Oe. (Courtesy of Dr. Horiishi of Toda Kogyo Ltd.)...

Fig.2. Transmission electron micrograph of a typical precipitated calcium carbonate filler (courtesy of Zeneca Resins)...

Fig, 3. Transmission electron micrograph of osmium-tetroxide stained section of a typical rubber-modified epoxy thermosetting polymer... 

Fig. 9. Composite transmission electron micrograph of a typical craze formed in polystyrene 26)...

Both Fe-Al and Fe-Mo alloys can undergo spinodal decomposition, yet the resultant microstructures have important differences. Figure 18.13 shows transmission electron micrographs of these two alloys taken with the electron beam parallel to (001), exhibiting typical spinodal microstructures. 

Figure 3.17 (Top) Transmission electron micrographs of mesoporous silica materials prepared by adding increasing amounts of lecithin to a typical MCM-41 synthesis solution. This biomolecule induces the formation of circular-shaped mesopores. (Bottom) A plausible scheme of the...

Fig. 1. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of human skin. The epidermis has pulled away from part of the basement membrane. (B and C) Transmission electron micrograph through the epidermal-dermal junction of human skin. Keratinocytes (KF) are the cells in the human epidermis. LD, The lamina densa of the basement membrane LL, the lamina lucida. Typical anchoring fibrils (AF) formed from type VII collagen are shown at higher power in C. Courtesy of Dr. K. Holbrook, University of Washington.

Figure 22.1 Transmission electron micrograph of typical lamellar morphology of high-styrene SBC...

Figure 28. (a) Transmission electron micrograph of PDBS crystals grown in a thin film by evaporation of THF solution at 100 °C followed by slow cooling to ambient temperature, (b) Typical electron diff raction pattern from regions such as that shown in part a. 

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