Typhoid fever mortality rate

Table II. Mortality for Typhoid Fever and Death Rates per 100,000 Population...

Ulceroglandular tularemia is the most common form. It comprises 70 to 75% of all cases. Pneumonic tularemia is the next most common (8 to 13%), followed by glandular tularemia (5 to 12%). The other forms are less common. Typhoidal tularemia has the highest mortality rate and as a result is the most likely to be used by terrorists. Exposure causes acute onset of fever, chills, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. Skin lesions and swollen lymph nodes are not usual. This is a systemic disease and is the only form of tularemia in which diarrhea is usually seen.3... 

There are many different subspecies or serotypes of Salmonella spp. capable of sickening humans (Chin and Ascher 2000), and they occur in a variety of different environments. Salmonella spp. may occur in water, soil, insects, factory and kitchen surfaces, animal feces, and raw meats, poultry, and seafood. The bacteria can be isolated from these sources and grown. Most typically, salmonellosis outbreaks in the United States occur because of improperly cooked food such as meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs improperly prepared fruits, vegetables, milk, and other food and drinks or via improperly washed hands, food contact surfaces, and utensils. There are approximately 40,000 salmonellosis cases resulting in approximately 600 deaths each year reported in the United States. Additionally, there are roughly 400 cases of typhoid fever recorded in the United States annually, but 75% of them are associated with international travel. Immediate medical attention significantly reduces mortality, but the case fatality rate is 12-30% in untreated cases (Murray et al. 2005). 

Agent Index A317 Class Index C24 Melioidosis Pseudomonas pseudomalle Type Bacteria Presents a range of manifestations from asymptomatic involvement of the lungs to necrotizing pneumonia and/or fatal blood poisoning. May simulate typhoid fever or tuberculosis. Routes Incubation 2 days to Inhalation years Ingestion Mortality Rate — Abraded Skin Reservoir Soils, Water, Rodents, Secondary Hazards Farm animals Body Fluids Direct Person-to-Person Transmission does not occur. 

Agent Index A340 Class Index C26 Typhoid Feve Salmonella typhi Type Bacteria Insidious onset of sustained fever, severe headache, malaise, loss of appetite, and usually constipation (although it may cause diarrhea). Individuals may become asymptomatic carriers capable of spreading the disease (e.g. Typhoid Mary). Routes Ingestion Secondary Hazards Fecal Vector (mechanical) Incubation 3 to 90 days Mortality Rate < 10% Reservoir Humans Direct Person-to-Person Transmission is possible (fecal/oral). 

Thirty percent of the towns in the full sample used lead water lines exclusively or in tandem with some other type of material the remaining 70 percent used no lead pipes whatsoever. Infant mortality rates in this sample of towns was high (349 deaths per 100,000 persons), but not unusually high for the urban Northeast. The death rate from typhoid fever, an indicator of the overall quality of municipal sanitation, averaged 20 deaths per 100,000 persons in this sample for the nation as a whole, the death rate from typhoid was 36 deaths per 100,000 persons." The index of water hardness varies from about 1 to 6, with a mean value... 

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