Types of Alkane

The principal structural types of alkane are (i) linear, (ii) branched, (iii) cyclic and (iv) polycyclic, and two or more of these may appear within a single molecule. Almost all the work done on their chemisorption has been with the lower members of the linear series, i.e. methane and ethane. 

The double bond may also be conjugated with another, and in the series propa-diene (allene), 1,3-butadiene, 1,4-pentadieneetc. the extent of interaction decreases as the number of single bonds between the points of unsaturation increases. So, as we shall see later, in catalysed reactions propadiene and 1,3-butadiene often resemble the corresponding alkynes. There is a conjugation between double and triple bonds in ethenylethyne, and between these bonds and the aromatic ring in, for example, styrene (phenylethene) and phenylethyne. 

The cyclopropane ring represents an interesting intermediate between alkanes and alkenes. Theoreticians have had great fun with this molecule, for which no simple (i.e. non-wave mechanical) picture is satisfactory. There is certainly some electron density in the middle of the ring, and it can be hydrogenated to propane quite easily, although less easily than propene. Alkyl- and alkenylcyclopropanes react in interesting ways (Chapters 7 and 11). 

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What type of alkane gas is used in the burner fuel supplied to your laboratory ... 

Other types of alkanes include closed circles and branched chains, but we discuss the straight-chain alkanes here because they make clecir the basic strategy for naming hydrocarbons. From the standpoint of nciming, the hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon are more or less filler atoms. Alkanes names cire based on the largest number of consecutively bonded carbon atoms, so the ncime of a hydrocarbon tells you about that molecule s structure. 

For reviews, see Chinn Selection of Oxidants in Synthesis Marcel Dekker New York, 1971, pp. 7-11 Lee, in Augustine pxidation, vol. 1 Marcel Dekker New York, 1969, pp. 2-6. For a monograph on all types of alkane activation, see Hill Activation and Functionalisation of Alkanes, Wiley New York, 1989. 

The energetics of various types of alkane ion molecule reactions are displayed in Table III. These heats of reaction should be reasonably accurate within less than 10 kcal./mole. They give an approximate idea of the type of reactions that are energetically allowed. Highly endothermic reactions will probably be so inefficient as to be unimportant. Slightly endothermic reactions (less than 1 e.v. endothermic) may be quite efff-... 

More than 130 different types of alkanes have been identified in the atmosphere [27] and they comprise a major fraction of the organic pollutants found in urban atmospheres (see Table 3). They are released in large amounts in activities connected with the extraction, refining, distribution, and combustion of fossil fuels. Alkanes are also released during the combustion of organic matter and by microbiological processes associated with the decay... 

A very different type of alkane activation is the reaction of CH4 with the Rh11 metalloradical (TMP)Rh (TMP = tetramesitylporphyrinato) which proceeds under 1-10 bar CH4 even in benzene there is no OH activation. A trimolecular transition state Rh -CH3H--Rh appears to be involved.134... 

Mechanisms for fragmentations of different types of alkanes are believed to be as follows ... 

There are two types of alkanes acyclic aikanes having molecular formula + 2, and cycloalkanes having molecular formula... 

Of the reactions of the various types of alkane with hydrogen, those of the n-alkanes, especially n-hexane have been the focus of attention because of their... 

The conversion of Ught hydrocarbons into value-added functionalized products, under mild conditions, is still a serious challenge, but tris(pyrazol-l-yl)methane complexes of V, Fe, Cu, and Re have already been successfully applied as catalysts or catalyst precursors for relevant alkane oxidation reactions, namely, peroxidative oxygenations (to give alcohols and ketones) and carboxylations (to produce carboxylic acids). All these types of alkane reactions are promising toward the eventual exploration of alkanes as unconventional starting materials for synthesis. 

Many types of alkanes are the components of fuels that power our cars and oil that heats our homes. The first four alkanes—methane, ethane, propane, and bntane—are gases at room temperature and are widely nsed as heating fuels. 

The frequency position of the symmetric scissors when a CH3 group is adjacent to a saturated carbon atom is near 1380 cm L We have previously shown that this is a very constant position for most types of alkanes. When the methyl group is adjacent to a carbonyl group, for instance, in ketones having structures such as O... 

Overall, at 25°C we can say that the relative reactivities of the three types of alkane C-H bonds in chlorination are approximately... 

Table 3-6 Relative Reactivities of the Four Types of Alkane C-in Halogenations H Bonds...

For each halogen, reactivities with four types of alkane C-primary C-H bond. -H bonds are nomaUzed to the reactivity of the ... 

What type of alkane reaction does the following equation represent ... 

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