Type IIB

Different types of fibers have been detected in skeletal muscle. One classification subdivides them into type I (slow twitch), type IIA (fast twitch-oxidative), and type IIB (fast twitch-glycolytic). For the sake of simphcity, we shall consider only two types type I (slow twitch, ox-... 

They cannot be oxidised if the tissue lacks mitochondria, e.g. red blood cells, kidney medulla, lens of the eye, type IIB muscle fibres (anaerobic fibres) - see Chapfer 6. 

Type I is also known as slow twitch fibre. Type llAis also known as fast twitch, and fibre type IIB is also known as fast twitch. Data are from world-class athletes and from fibres in the quadriceps muscle. 

Noakes —> did not separate type 11 fibres into A and B. Thus the muscles of sprinter comprise 74% type 11 fibres, probably primarily type IIB. 

M-theory in eleven dimensions gives rise to the five competing string theories in ten dimensions (two heterotic theories, Type I, Type IIA, and Type IIB). When the extra dimension curls into a circle, M-theory yields the Type IIA superstring. On the other hand, if the extra dimension shrinks to a line segment, M-theory yields one of the heterotic strings. 

Holmberg L, Nilsson IM, Borge L, Gunnarsson M, Sjorin E. Platelet aggregation induced by l-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in Type IIB von Willebrand s disease. N Engl J Med 1983 309(14) 816-21. 

Type IIB The ligand donors include unusual protein side chains. 

The classification introduced in this review (type I-type IV) should cover all structural types of copper sites known to date. For instance, based on this nomenclature, ascorbate oxidase contains type I and type IV, and nitrite reductase contains type I and type II (more precisely, type IIA). Galactose oxidase has a type IIB site. 

The structures of type II copper sites have not as yet generated as much interest, but the hetero-dinuclear structures of type IIC copper sites and the unusual protein donor ligands found in type IIB copper sites are noteworthy. The synthetic model approach to gain insight into the structures and functions of these types of copper sites will be also described. The diverse functions of a variety of proteins containing type IIA copper sites inspired many chemists to mimic the functions with synthetic copper complexes, even though the spectroscopic properties of the complexes are not unusual. Results of these studies will be reviewed and different aspects of the reactions relating to enzymatic catalysis will be discussed. 

One can usually predict from these various characteristics whether or not a particular muscle would be more involved in endurance versus sprint activity as well as the fuel or fuel mixture used. For example, as discussed in the preceding chapter by Terjung type I and IIA fibers are more involved with endurance performance relying on a fuel mixture of both lipids and carbohydrate. On the other nand, type IIB fibers are more involved with short sprint-type of activity with a fuel dependence almost exclusively on carbohydrate. The fiber composition of muscle from a few animals and man is shown in Table 111. Animals raised for quick "stop and go" activity... 

Francesconi M, Casonato A, Pontaia E, Dalla Via L, Girolami A, and Deana R. (1995). Type IIB von Willebrand fiictor induces pbos diolipase A2 activation and cytosolic Ca2+ increase in platelets. Bkxdian. Biophys. Res. Common. 214,102-109. 

Type IIB The pre-final products of type 1A or IB react irreversibly with further multifunctional components and form heterocyclic products irreversibly. The formed number of chemical bonds remains constant. 

Any products that can be formed by a one-pot U-4CR, or related MCRs of type IIB [3, 4], can also be formed as a library of that certain backbone type. This has profound prep-... 

The quantum yield of polypropylene photolysis in the Norrish type IIA reaction is 011A = 0.01 and in the Norrish type IIB reaction is 0.08 [124], whereas the quantum yield of the photolysis of ethylene—carbon monoxide copolymer in the Norrish type II reaction is 0n = 0.025 [270]. The reaction type II proceeds through a six-membered cyclic intermediate... 

Three patients with different lipid abnormalities were studied simultaneously using the same protocol. One patient was a 33-year-old man with FHC who had a partial ileal bypass two years prior to the study. The second patient was a 49-year-old Type IIb man with elevations of both his cholesterol and triglycerides. A third patient, a 51-year-old man with FHC, was on cholestyramine, nicotinic acid, and atromid during the entire study. 

Patient with Elevations in Triglycerides and Cholesterol The patient with Type IIb hyperlipidemia had a 22% and 18% decrease in cholesterol and 24% and 22% decrease in triglycerides at 4 and 8 weeks during the experimental LBG feeding periods. VLDL cholesterol fell 24% at 4 and 8 weeks. 

Glycogen storage disease type IIB LAMP2 Danon disease... 

Chapman, M.J., Elisaf, M., Tselepis, A.D. Atorvastatin preferentially reduces LDL-associated platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in dyslipidemias of type IIA and type IIB. ArterwsclerTTum 2002 22 306-11. 

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