Type II second-degree

Type II second-degree or third-degree atriovetricular (AV) block present... 

First-degree AV nodal blockade occurs due to inhibition of conduction within the upper portion of the node.15 Mobitz type I second-degree AV nodal blockade occurs as a result of inhibition of conduction further down within the node.12,15 Mobitz type II second-degree AV nodal blockade is caused by inhibition of conduction within or below the level of the bundle of His.12,15 Third-degree AV nodal blockade maybe a result of inhibition of conduction either within the AV node or within the bundle of His or the His-Purkinje system.12,15 AV block may occur as a result of age-related AV node degeneration. 

Type I block and type II second-degree AV block are electrocardiographic patterns and as such should not be automatically equated with the anatomical site of block. 

Type II Second-Degree AV Block True or False ... 

The site of the lesion in 2 1 AV block can often be determined by seeking the company 2 1 AV block keeps. An association with either type 1 or type II second-degree AV block helps localization of the lesion according to the correlations already discussed. Outside of acute myocardial infarction, sustained 2 1 and 3 1 AV block with a wide QRS complex occurs in the His-Purkinje system in 80% of cases and 20% in the AV node (3). It is inappropriate to label 2 1 or 3 1 AV nodal block as type I block and infranodal 2 1 or 3 1 AV block as type II block because the diagnosis of type I and type II blocks is based on electrocardiographic patterns and not on the anatomical site of block. 

Permanent pacing is almost never needed in inferior MI and narrow QRS AV block. Pacemaker implantation should be considered only if second- or third-degree AV block persists for 14-16 days (26,27). The use of permanent pacing is required in only 1-2% of all the patients who develop acute second or third-degree AV block regardless of thrombolytic therapy. Narrow QRS type II second-degree AV block has not yet been reported in acute inferior MI (28-31). 

Barold SS. Narrow QRS Mobitz type II second-degree atrioventricular block in acute myocardial infarction true or false Am J Cardiol 1991 67 1291-1294. 

Atropine Symptomatic SB AV block Asystole Bradycardic PEA Monitor heart rate and rhythm. Use the drug cautiously in patients with myocardial ischemia. Atropine isn t recommended for third-degree AV block or infranodal type II second-degree AV block. In adults, avoid doses less than 0.5 mg because of the risk of paradoxical slowing of the HR. 

Atrioventricular block type II, second or third degree Cardiac pacemaker... 

Type I second-degree AV block with bundle branch block (which is far less common than narrow QRS type I block) must not be automatically labeled as AV nodal. Outside of acute myocardial infarction, type I block and bundle branch block (QRS > 0.12 s) occur in the His-Purkinje system in 60-70% of the cases (10) (Fig. 10.5). In such cases exercise is likely to aggravate the degree of AV block. Yet, many still believe that type I blocks are all AV nodal and therefore basically benign. It is believed that the prognosis of infranodal type I block is as serious as that of type II block and a permanent pacemaker... 

Second degree AV block is split into two further subtypes, known as Type I and Type II 2nd Degree AV blocks. 

Type III. Atoms in which the differentiating electrons occupy the shell of second highest energy. These are the elements of the transition series described above. They are all metals and, like the metallic elements of Type II, they can readily form positive ions. They differ from the metal of Type II, however, in that several degrees of ionization are often possible. Thus iron can lose not only the two electrons in the 4s orbital to form the ion Fe2 (is2, 2 22p6, but also in addition one... 

Couper recognised two valencies of carbon, one in carbon monoxide and one in carbon dioxide, and says the highest known power of combination of carbon is that of the second degree, i.e., 4. His formulae are really nearer the modern ones than Kekule s, since the latter long afterwards continued to use either his own peculiar formulae (see p. 540) or the notation of types he represented acetic acid (I) as derived from a type (II) derived from the mixed type 4H2 + 2H2O, which in turn could be derived from a type 8H2 such a formula, since it is derived from all the metamorphoses of acetic acid and expresses all these, has not the advantage which some require from a rational formula, since it does not emphasise one or other group of metamorphoses ... 

Fig. 10.3 Diagrammatic representation of various forms of second-degree AV block with the same format as in Fig. 10.2. (A) Relatively long and atypical type I sequence with several constant PR intervals before a dropped beat. Note the shorter PR interval after the blocked P-wave. This pattern should not be called type 11 AV block. It is essential to examine all the PR intervals in long rhythm strips and not merely several PR intervals preceding a blocked impulse. (B) True type II AV block. Every atrial impulse successfully traverses the AV node which is not afforded a long recovery time as occurring in type I AV block. Note that the PR interval after the blocked beat is unchanged. Reproduced with permission from (11).

Fig. 10.6 Sinus rhythm with second-degree Type II AV block in the presence of right bundle branch block and LAH. There are tiny q-waves in Vj and V3 probably related to LAH rather than old anterior myocardial infarction. Note that the sinus rate is constant and the PR interval after the blocked beat remains unchanged. (Barold SS. Pacemaker treatment of bradycardias and selection of optimal pacing modes. In Zipes DP (Ed.). Contemporary Treatments in Cardiovascular Disease, 1997 1 123, with permission.)...

Type II according to the strict definition occurs in the His-Purkinje system and rarely above the site of recording of the His bundle potential in the proximal His bundle or nodo-Hisian junction. Type II block has not yet been convincingly demonstrated in the N zone of the AV node (3). Most if not all the purported exceptions involve reports where type I blocks (shorter PR interval after the blocked beat) are claimed to be type II blocks by using loopholes in the definitions of second-degree AV block. Because type II invariably occurs in the His-Purkinje system, it should be a class I indication for pacing. 

AV block. 2 1 AV block can be AV nodal or in the His-Puikinje system. It cannot be classified as type I or type II block because there is only one PR interval to examine before the blocked P-wave (Fig. 10.9). 2 1 AV block is best labeled simply as 2 1 block (3,15). For the purpose of classification according to the World Health Organization and the ACC, it is considered as advanced block as are 3 1, 4 1 etc. AV block. Confusion arises when the term advanced AV block (defined in the ACC/AHA guidelines as a form of second-degree AV block of two or more P-waves) is used to describe both second- and third-degree AV blocks (1). 

Fig. 10.10 Diagrammatic representation of second-degree type II AV block from Mobitz s original article (16).

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