Twin-electrode thin layer technique

As examples, experimental F(E) isotherms at = constant for Pb and T1 UPD in acidic perchlorate electrolyte on AgQikl) single crystal faces with Qtkl) = (111) and (100) are shown in Figs. 3.9 and 3.10, respectively [3.97, 3.105]. These isotherms were measured stepwise, waiting for equilibrium conditions according to polarization routines illustrated in Fig. 3.11 using the twin-electrode thin-layer technique" (TTL) for Pb UPD and the flow-through thin-layer technique" (FTTL) for T1 UPD. 

These relative surface excess parameters can be determined experimentally using different methods /)(w) can be determined by radiotracer studies, o-measurements, electroanalytical techniques (twin-electrode thin-layer, flow-through thin layer, rotating ring-disk experiments) etc., whereas q can be determined by charging curves, capacitance measurements etc. Isotherm conversion q-Fiiyf) is obtained by the corresponding Maxwell relations ... 

The Kissinger type twin electrode thin layer cell is a widely used tool in the everyday analytical practice especially in the field of flow injection techniques and as an amperometric detector in liquid chromatography. Less attention is paid to the possibilities offered by this cell 2LS a microanalytical tool when it is filled with a quiescent solution sample. In this way the determination of electroactive components in a volume of about 50-100 pi can be carried out by applying a proper excitation potential program. 

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