Turbulent nonpremixed Jet flames

Barlow, R. S., R. W. Dibble, J.-Y. Chen, and R. P. Lucht (1990). Effect of Damkohler number on superequilibrium OH concentration in turbulent nonpremixed jet flames. Combustion and Flame 82, 235-251. 

Pdf modeling of finite-rate chemistry effects in turbulent nonpremixed jet flames. 

Self-excited combustion instabilities are associated with the propagation and reflection of heat-release-induced acoustic waves and their interactions. Hence, flame sound represents the main source of these acoustic waves. Therefore, sound pressure level (SPL) data for turbulent nonpremixed jet flames have been obtained for two Turbulent Nonpremixed Flame (TNF) workshop flames, DLR-A and DLR-B [1]. The exit Reynolds numbers (Re) for the two flames based on injected gas properties at room temperature were 15.200 (DLR-A) and 22,800 (DLR-B). Air was used for studying the sound emission from equivalent nonreacting jets. The flow in each case had very low exit Mach numbers (M = 0.04-... 

Wang, C., and Barlow, R. S. "Spatial Resolution Effects on the Measurement of Scalar Variance and Scalar Gradient in Turbulent Nonpremixed Jet Flames." Experiments in Fluids 44 (2008) 633-45. 

The relevance of nonpremixed edge flames to turbulent nonpremixed flames can be described in two aspects. One is the mechanism of turbulent nonpremixed lifted flames and the other, the flame-hole dynamics. For turbulent lifted flames in nonpremixed jets, the liftoff height is linearly dependent on jet velocity. There have... 

Temporal sequence of OH-LIF measurements captures a localized extinction event in a turbulent nonpremixed CH4/H2/N2 jet flame (Re 20,000) as a vortex perturbs the reaction zone. The time between frames is 125 ps. The velocity field from PIV measurements is superimposed on the second frame and has the mean vertical velocity of 9m/s subtracted. (From Hult, J. et al.. Paper No. 26-2, in 10th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, 2000. With permission.)... 

Vervisch, L., R. Hauguel, R. Domingo, and M. Rullaud, Three facets of turbulent combustion modelling DNS of premixed V-flame, LES of lifted nonpremixed flame and RANS of jet flame. /. Turbulence, 2004. 5(4) 004. 

Chen, J. Y., W. Kollmann, and R. W. Dibble (1989). PDF modeling of turbulent nonpremixed methane jet flames. Combustion Science and Technology 64, 315-346. 

DesJardin, P. E. 1998. Large eddy simulation of strongly radiating nonpremixed turbulent jet flames. Ph.D. Thesis. School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 

DesJardin, P. E., and S. H. Frankel. 1999. Two-dimensional large eddy simulation of soot formation in the near-field of a strongly radiating nonpremixed acetylene-air turbulent jet flame. Combustion Flame 119(1/2) 121-32. 

Wang, C.-H., Clemens, N. T., Varghese, R L., and Barlow, R. S. "Turbulent time Scales in a Nonpremixed Turbulent Jet Flame by Using High-Repetition Rate Thermometry." Combustion and Flame 152 (2008) 317-35. 

Figure 1.1 shows the axial variation in sound pressure and level for flames (top) and air jets (bottom) as a function of axial distance from burner exit, normalized by the burner diameter (D = 0.8 cm). The nonpremixed turbulent flame levels are between 20 and 30 dB greater than those for the cold jets. A careful observation of the changes in directivity shows that the sound... 

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