Turbulent flow in canopies on complex topography and the effects of stable stratification

Turbulent flow in canopies on complex topography and the effects of stable stratification 

Gayev and J.C.R. Hunt(eds.), Flow and Transport Processes with Complex Obstructions, 199-219. 2007 Springer. 

Direct measurement of turbulent fluctuations in canopies was not possible until relatively recently so their first recourse was to simple, first-order eddy diffusivity or X -theory models of turbulent fluxes. Typically the vertical eddy flux of a scalar, C, or of mean momentum, that is windspeed, U, was written as3 

And inserting this assumption of a constant mixing length for the momentum flux into the one-dimensional, steady momentum conservation equation, 

2The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is Australia s major publicly funded research body. 

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