Tungsten ribbon lamps

To obtain experimental constants a and b, the measuring system is calibrated with a tungsten ribbon lamp on 2500 K. If calibration at temperatures higher than 2500 K is required, a carbon arc produced between defined carbon electrodes may be used. The arc temperature is 3811 K. Then from the voltage signals obtained for two spectral bands of radiated light and applying Eqs. (4.63) and (4.64), detonation temperature is calculated. 

These authors report some unique laser results. In one experiment O Connor and Hargreaves studied the effect of strongly pumping in the 3- to 6-/x CeF3 absorption band while oscillation was excited. The long-wave pumping source was in this case a 3000-watt tungsten-ribbon-filament lamp. 

TEMPERATURE TRANSFER STANDARD. A device for the transfer of a temperature scale from one standardizing laboratory to another. One form consists of a sample of a purified material, the freezing point of which (when realized by a prescribed technique) is reproducible within narrow limits. Materials commonly employed are metals, such as zinc and tin, and organic compounds, such as benzoic acid, phenol, naphthalene, and phthalic anhydride. Another form is a tungsten ribbon-filament lamp, characterized by a stable lamp current-brightness temperature relation. This device is particularly useful for temperatures above 1.050WC. 

Flame Temperature Measurements. A tungsten ribbon filament lamp, calibrated by the National Bureau of Standards for the temperature range 1100°-2300° C., was used for these measurements which were performed in the conventional manner (17). 

Other sources are incandescent electric lamps (tungsten), the Welsbach mantle, hot glass, and the quartz-jacketed high-pressure mercury arc. The tungsten ribbon filament lamp makes a good secondary standard (compared to a primary blackbody) in the near... 

The sources used for mid-IR are heated rods, such as a nichrome ribbon or a globar, which is a rod of silicon carbide. The Opperman source is a rhodium heater in an alumina tube packed with alumina and zirconium silicate. When heated to above 1000°C, these sources emit energy over a wide range, resembling a black-body radiator with a maximum intensity at about 1000 cm For NIR, tungsten or trmgsten halogen lamps are used. 

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