Tumor targeting, enhancement

Shielded polyplexes with improved blood circulating properties are interesting tools for systemic cancer therapy (see Sect. 4.2). Nanoparticles can take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR effect) [89] for passive tumor targeting. The EPR effect is based on the leakiness of tumor vasculature, due to neovascularization in growing tumors, combined with an inadequate lymphatic drainage. Nanoparticles with an elongated plasma circulation time can extravasate and passively accumulate at the tumor site. 

Xu, L., Pirollo, K. F., and Chang, E. H. Tumor-targeted p53-gene therapy enhances the efficacy of conventional chemo/radiotherapy. J. Contr. Rel. 74 115-128, 2001. 

Wei, Y., Pirollo, K.F., Yu, B., Rait, A., Xiang, L., Huang, W., Zhou, Q., Ertem, G., and Chang, E.H. (2004) Enhanced transfection efficiency of a systemically delivered tumor-targeting immunolipoplex by inclusion of a pH-sensitive histidylated oligolysine peptide. Nucleic Acids Res. 32 e48. 

Guillemard, V Saragovi, H. U. Taxane-antibody conjugates afford potent c3do-toxicity, enhanced solubility and tumor target selectivity. Cancer Res., 2001, 61 694-699. 

M., Addition of an extra immunoglobulin domain to two anti-rodent TNF monoclonal antibodies substantially increased their potency. Mol. Immunol. 41, 73-80, 2004 Adams, G.P., Tai, M.S., McCartney, J.E. et al.. Avidity-mediated enhancement of in vivo tumor targeting by single-chain Fv dimers, Clin. Cancer Res. 12, 1599-1605, 2006. 

Qian X, Peng X-H, Ansari DO, Yin-Goen Q, Chen GZ, Shin DM, Yang L, Young AN, Wang MD, Nie S (2008) In vivo tumor targeting and spectroscopic detection with surface-enhanced Raman nanoparticle tags. Nat Biotechnol 26 83... 

Polymeric micelles were developed as a tumor-targeted delivery system for poorly water-soluble and toxic anticancer drugs. Preclinical studies have demonstrated reduced toxicity and enhanced accumulation of drugs in tumors with polymeric micelle systems. Issues such as sufficient in vivo stability and programmable drug release at the tumor sites need to be addressed in the future. 

D. DellaManna, A. Baird, and D. T. Curiel, Enhanced in vivo gene delivery to human ovarian cancer xenografts utihzing a tropism-modified adenovirus vector. Tumor Targeting 3 25 (1998). 

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