Tumor biomarkers

Shiwa, M., Nishimura, Y., Wakatabe, R., Fukawa, A., Arikuni, H., Ota, H., Kato, Y., and Yamori, T. 2003. Rapid discovery and identification of a tissue-specific tumor biomarker from 39 human cancer cell lines using the SELDI ProteinChip platform. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 309, 18-25. 

The identification and development of tumor biomarkers have challenged the research for over 150 years. Although there have been some successes, a biomarker that is useful in the early diagnosis of disease in otherwise asymptomatic individuals has proved to be an elusive goal. The majority of the existing tumor markers are most useful in educating a clinical decision-making process after an initial suspicion has been raised by more conventional means [3],... 

Advances in genomics and proteomics methodologies, directed at identifying those genes expressed at elevated levels in tumors compared to normal tissues, have led and accelerated the identification process of many potentially useful tumor biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapy. 

Indeed, recent reports demonstrated the potential use of enzymatic digestion combined with LC-ESI-MS/MS directly on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to identify tumor biomarkers (for a review see [68]). The ultimate hope would be to mobilize such powerful MS tools to routine clinical application for in vitro diagnosis assays. 

Mengel M, Kreipel M, von Wasielewski R. Rapid and large-scale transition of new tumor biomarker to clinical biopsy material by innovative tissue mictoattay systems. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2003 11 261. 

Duffy MJ, O Donovan N, Brennan DJ. Survivin a promising tumor biomarker. Cancer Lett 2007 249 49-60. 

Many proteins are overexpressed and secreted into the blood beginning at very early stages of developing cancers. Serum levels of these proteins can indicate cancer and guide therapy even before the onset of detectable tumors. Biomarker proteins are often specific to several types of cancer, and panels of such proteins promise a more much reliable assessment of patient status than single biomarkers [2, 5, 8, 16, 17]. The most famous clinically used single biomarker protein is... 

Spermine and its analogs are toxic and are used as tumor biomarkers. They are also widely distributed in nature and industry. Therefore, the de-teetion of spermine is necessary. WPS can form stable complexation with spermine with a high association constant. When different diamine compounds (10 M), such as spermine, ursol, tetraethylenepentamine, triethylenetetramine, ethanediamine, 1,12-dodecylamine and 1,6-hexa-methylenediamine, are added to an aqueous solution of WP5-stabilized silver nanopartieles, respeetively, the yellow color of the solution containing spermine and its analogs (spermine, tetraethylenepentamine, and triethylenetetramine) becomes black, accompanied by a great decrease of the absorbance peak at 400 nm. However, other diamine compounds have little influence on the color and absorption peaks. All the experimental facts can be ascribed to the seleetive response of WP5-stabilized silver nanopartieles... 

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