Tubular current-voltage characteristics

Ciano et al. (2006) have used a finite element approach to model a tubular cell 0.3 m long. The equations are available in Ciano et al. (2006). Table 7.2 shows the partial differential equations and the mesh characteristics. This model is computationally demanding and the equations have been solved by adopting an iterative procedure. Initial guess values for temperature and current density are assumed (current density is calculated by means of a lumped model, as the function of the average temperature and the cell voltage). Momentum equation and continuity equation are... 

A large number of tubular cells have been electrically tested over the years, some for times as long as 8 years. These cells perform satisfactorily for extended periods of time under a variety of operating conditions with less than 0.1% per 1000 h performance degradation. The voltage-current and power-current characteristics of a commercial prototypic 2.2 cm diameter, 150 cm active length cell at 900, 940, and 1000°C with 89% + 11% H2O fuel (85% fuel... 

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