Tube-shaped complex

Schmidtke H-H (1994) Vibrational Progressions in Electronic Spectra of Complex Compounds Indicating Stron Vibronic Coupling. J71 69-112 Schmittel M (1994) Umpolung of Ketones via Enol Radical Cations. 169 183-230 Schroder A, Mekelburger H-B, Vogtle F (1994) Belt-, Ball-, and Tube-shaped Molecules. 172 179-201... 

Most plain rings are manufactured from wrought material, either from sheet or strip or from solid bar or tube. More complex shapes can be machined from solid bar stock but more frequently are... 

Metal injection mol ding (MIM) holds great promise for producing complex shapes in large quantities. Spray forming, a single-step gas atomization and deposition process, produces near-net shape products. In this process droplets of molten metal are coUected and soHdifted onto a substrate. Potential appHcations include tool steel end mills, superalloy tubes, and aerospace turbine disks (6,7). 

A major advantage of the electroless nickel process is that deposition takes place at an almost uniform rate over surfaces of complex shape. Thus, electroless nickel can readily be applied to internal plating of tubes, valves, containers and other parts having deeply undercut surfaces where nickel coating by electrodeposition would be very difficult and costly. The resistance to corrosion of the coatings and their special mechanical properties also offer advantages in many instances where electrodeposited nickel could be applied without difficulty. 

A most important class of pump for dealing with highly viscous material is represented by the screw extruder used in the polymer industry. Extruders find their main application in the manufacture of simple and complex sections (rods, tubes, headings, curtain rails, rainwater gutterings and a multitude of other shapes). However, the shape of section produced in a given material is dependent only on the profile of the hole through which the fluid is pushed just before it cools and solidifies. The screw pump is of more general application and will be considered first. 

As Beer s law in absorption spectroscopy has a path length dependence, the observe volume, Vobs, or active volume of an NMR probe is an important determinant of the sensitivity of NMR measurements. The observe volume is the fraction of the total sample volume, Vtot. that returns a signal when a sample is inserted in an NMR tube or is injected into a flow system. The relationship between chromatographic peak shape, peak volume and flow rate, and sensitivity in hyphenated NMR measurements is complex and is discussed in greater detail in Section 7.2. For the purpose of this discussion, the sample is assumed to be present at a uniform concentration in a sample volume, Vtot. The probe observe factor, /o, is calculated as shown in the following equation ... 

---