Tropopause, emissions model

Triterpenes, structural chemistry, 136 Tropopause, emissions model, 605 Troposphere ozone analysis, 605 trifluoromethyl peroxynitrate, 743 Tryptophan... 

In this study we will present aspects of STE in relation with the budget and concentrations of ozone in the troposphere, specifically in the Northern Hemisphere. Firstly, we present ozone observations in the tropopause region from the measurement campaign MOZAIC, and discuss their correlation with potential vorticity. The results have been used to improve the parameterization of stratospheric ozone in a coupled tropospheric chemistry - general circulation model. We will show examples of the performance of the model regarding the simulation of ozone in the tropopause region, and present the simulated seasonality of cross-tropopause ozone transport in relation to other tropospheric ozone sources and sinks. Finally, we will examine and compare the influence of cross-tropopause transports to surface ozone concentrations for simulations with contemporary, pre-industrial, and future emission scenarios. 

Figure 10.5 shows profiles of the tendencies due to chemistry and wet deposition as well as emissions including vertical diffusion and convection for NOx and CO at 12 and 24 UTC. The data is area-averaged over Central Europe (42N/-10W - 55N/ lOE) and shown in units of kg/m s to demonstrate the mass contribution of each model level. Model levels 60-50 cover the PEL, the tropopause is about at level 30. Clearly visible is the day-night difference of chemical loss and production. The emissions are a constant source term but the vertical tendency profiles are shaped by the vertical exchange in the boundary layer. 

Prior to the Voyager 1 encounter, Danielson eta/. (1973) and Caldwell (1977) had developed a simple model for Titan s atmospheric thermal structure and haze that fit the ground-based far infrared data available at that time. In this model, an isothermal 160 K atmosphere containing a haze with an emissivity proportional to wavenumber overlay a surface of 78 K. The observed 1304 cm V4-band of CH4 and the 821 cm V9-band of C2H6 were adequately reproduced, as was the continuum between 300 and 600 cm (see Fig. 6.4.1a). Based on the Voyager 1 occultation temperature profile, it was natural to assume that the surface in the Danielson-Caldwell model corresponded to opaque methane clouds near the tropopause, and... 

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