Tropisms

Mero-chinen, n. meroquinene. -tropie,/. mero-tropism, merotropy. 

Smyth, R. J., Yi, Y., Singh, A., and Collman, R. G. (1998). Determinants of entry cofactor utilization and tropism in a dualtropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate. J. Virol. 72 4478-4484. 

A viral tropism is the specifity of a vims for particular host tissues and cells. 

Deeks SG, Lu J, Hoh R, Neilands TB, Beatty G, Huang W, Liegler T, Hunt P, Martin JN, Kuritzkes DR (2007) Interruption of enfuvirtide in HIV-1 infected adults with incomplete viral suppression on an enfuvirtide-based regimen. J Infect Dis 195 387-391 Dejucq N, Simmons G, Clapham PR (2000) T-ceU line adaptation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain SF162 effects on envelope, vpu and macrophage-tropism. J Gen Virol 81 2899-2904... 

Kitrinos K, Labranche C, Stanhope M, Madsen H, Demarest J (2005) Clonal analysis detects preexisting R5X4-tropic virus in patient demonstrating population-level tropism switch on 873140 monotherapy. Antivir Ther 10 S68... 

Whitcomb JM, Huang W, Fransen S, Limoli K, Toma J, Wiin T, Chappey C, Kiss LD, Paxinos EE, Petropoulos CJ (2007) Development and characterization of a novel single-cycle recombinant-virus assay to determine human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor tropism, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 566-575... 

In the past decade, effects of an EEF on the properties of lubrication and wear have attracted significant attention. Many experimental results indicate that the friction coefficient changes with the intensity of the EEF on tribo-pairs. These phenomena are thought to be that the EEF can enhance the electrochemical reaction between lubricants and the surfaces of tribo-pairs, change the tropism of polar lubricant molecules, or help the formation of ordered lubricant molecular layers [51,73-77]. An instrument for measuring lubricant film thickness with a technique of the relative optical interference intensity (ROII) has been developed by Luo et al. [4,48,51,78] to capture such real-time interference fringes and to study the phenomenon when an EEF is applied, which is helpful to the understanding of the mechanism of thin film lubrication under the action of the EEF. 

These observations lead one to conclude that the adamantane nucleus, which is present in all of the aforesaid drugs, might be responsible for their penetration to the BBB and their accumulation in the CNS. In other words, the adamantane nucleus is likely to possess a so-called intimate CNS tropism (because of its hydrophobicity) and cause these dmgs to show such a CNS affinity [131]. 

Tropism. Response/reaction of an organism to an external stimulus shown as movement. 

Dittmar MT, McKnight A, Simmons G, Clapham PR, Weiss RA, Simmonds P (1997) HIV-1 tropism and co-receptor use. Nature 385 495-496... 

Watkins BA, Dorn HH, KeUy WB, Armstrong RC, Potts BJ, Michaels F, Kufta CV, Dubois-Dalcq M (1990) Specific tropism of HIV-1 for microglial cells in primary human brain cultures. Science 249(4968) 549-553... 

Gorry PR, Bristol G, Zack JA et al (2001) Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues predicts neurotropism independent of coreceptor specificity. J Virol 75 10073-10089... 

Berger EA, Murphy PM, Farber JM (1999) Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 17 657-700 Bernasconi S, Cinque P, Peii G, Sozzani S, Crociati A, Torri W, Vicenzi E, Vago L, Lazzarin A, Poli G, Mantovani A (1996) Selective elevation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus encephalitis. J Infect Dis 174 1098-1101... 

Peters PJ, Duenas-Decamp MJ, Sullivan WM, Qapham PR (2007) Variation of macrophage tropism among HIV-1 R5 envelopes in brain and other tissues. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2 32-41 Pohhnann S, Reeves ID (2006) Cellular entry of HIV evaluation of therapeutic targets. Curr Pharm Des 12 1963-1973... 

---