Tropical forest and fire emissions

Xiu, G., D. Zhang, J. Chen, X. Huang, Z. Chen, H. Guo and J. Pan (2004) Characterization of major water-soluble inorganic ions in size-fractionated particulate matters in Shanghai campus ambient air. Atmospheric Environment 38, 227-236 Yao, X., M. Fang and C. C. Chan (2003) The size dependence of chloride depletion in fine and coarse sea-salt particles. Atmospheric Environment 37, 743-751 Yokelson, R. I, T. Karl, P. Artaxo, D. R. Blake, T. J. Christian, D. W. T. Griffith, A. Guenther and W. M. Hao (2007) The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment Overview and airborne fire emission factor measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion 1, 6903-6958... 

Yokelson, R.J., Karl,T., Artaxo, P, Blake, D.R., Christian, T.J., Griffith, D.W.T., Gnenther, A., Hao, WM. (2007) The Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment overview and airborne fire emission factor measnrements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7,5175-5196. 

Karl T, Guenther A, Yokelson RJ, Greenberg J, Potosnak M, Blake DR, Artaxo P (2007) The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment emission, chemistry, and transport of biogenic volatile organic compounds in the lower atmosphere over Amazonia. J Geophys Res Atmos 112 D18302... 

Erom both airborne and ground-based field campaigns during the 2004 Amazon dry season as part of the Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE), Yokelson et al. quantified the volatile emissions from a pristine tropical forest and several plantations [168]. In addition to this the emissions, fuel consumption and fire ecology of tropical deforestation fires were also quantified. About 80% of the mass of non-methane organic compounds emitted by the tropical deforestation fires were found to be associated with reactive, oxygenated VOCs. Recommended values for the emission factors for most of the major compounds released by deforestation fires globally were provided. 

Karl, T. G., Christian, T. J., Yokelson, R. J. et al. (2007) The Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment method evaluation of volatile organic compound emissions measured by PTR-MS, EUR, and GC from tropical biomass burning. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 5883. 

During biomass and fuel burning, a complex mixture of ill-characterized volatile organic matter are released into the atmosphere (Andreae and Merlet, 2001). It contributes to the formation of aerosols and fine particles of sizes up to 100 pm. After an estimated lifetime of 7.9 days (Cook and Wilson, 1996), they are either degraded or are removed from the atmosphere by precipitation. However, they can be transported a considerable distance. For example, boreal forest fires contribute substantially to atmospheric BC in the Arctic (Cook and Wilson, 1996), and Antarctica receives BC from biomass burning in the tropics (Wolff and Cachier, 1998). On a global scale the amount of atmospheric emission is estimated with 5-6Tg BC yr 1,... 

Table 5 Emission ratios for tropical forest fires and peat fires.

Table m. Amazon Basin Biomass Burning Aerosol Direct Emissions Ionic and Elemental Composition. Samples from Savanna and Tropical Forest for Different Fire Combustion. Values Expressed as Ratios to Fine Particle Mass in Percentage... 

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