1.1.3- Tris butane

Another type of clathrochelate, namely [M(L1000)]"+, is obtained on reaction of tris(butan-2,3-dione)dihydrazonato-nickel(II), -iron(II) or -cobalt(Il) with formaldehyde in acetonitrile (Eq. 4.33) [127, 128]. 

Under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, and in the presence of free water, hydrocarbon gases can form hydrates, which are a solid formed by the combination of water molecules and the methane, ethane, propane or butane. Hydrates look like compacted snow, and can form blockages in pipelines and other vessels. Process engineers use correlation techniques and process simulation to predict the possibility of hydrate formation, and prevent its formation by either drying the gas or adding a chemical (such as tri-ethylene glycol), or a combination of both. This is further discussed in SectionlO.1. 

Both remaining CgHi4 isomers have two methyl groups as substituents on a four carbon chain Thus the parent chain is butane When the same substituent appears more than once use the multiplying prefixes di tri tetra and so on A separate locant is used for each substituent and the locants are separated from each other by commas and from the words by hyphens... 

The advantage of this definition is that it does not depend on measuting the tangent of the response curve, although the variation ia the value of the blending octane number is greater. Typically, BONs are measured at an 80/20 mixture. This technique is also usehil when trying to measure the octane of a compound such as butane or methanol that is difficult or impossible to measure ia its pure state. 

Tris-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-t- (VIII) butylphenyl)butane Very slight ... 

The best fit of velocity exponent n in Hp °c ug (Figure 4.3.11) for pure propane (n-butane) is n = 4.733 (3.638), corresponding to Sc = 1.37 (1.61) from n = (2Sc-l)/ (Sc -1), which agreed well with the suggested value of Sc = 1.376 (1.524). The experimental liftoff height data are shown in Figure 4.3.12 for various nozzle diameters and partial air dilutions to fuel [53]. It can be observed that the air dilution to fuel does not alter Ypst and S° sf The results substantiated the role of tri-brachial flames on flame stabilization in laminar jets. As mentioned previously. Equation 4.3.5 limits the maximum velocity Ug for Sc > 1, which corresponds to blowout condition. 

Ligand abbreviations (6-Mepy)(py)2tren and (6-Mepy)2(py)tren = tris[4-[(6-/ )-2-pyridyl]-3-aza-6-butenyl]amme, R = H or CH3 HB(pz)3 = hydro-tris(pyrazolyl)borate paptH = 2-(2-pyridylamino)-4-(2-pyridyl)thiazole phenmethoxa = 3-[2-(l,10-phenanthrolyl)]-5-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazole pyimH = 2-(2 -pyridyl)itnidazole pybimH = 2-(2 -pyridyl)benzimidazole ppa = JV -(2-pyridylmethyl)picolineamidine tpmbn = tetrakis(2-pyridylmcthyl)-meso-2,3-butane-diamine tppn = tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-l-methyl-l,2-propanediainine tpchxn = tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-tra s-l,2-cyclohexanediamine biz = 2,2 -bi-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine. 

A breakthrough in hydro formylation was achieved with the introduction of a tri-arylphosphine-modified, in particular triphenylphosphine-modified, rhodium catalyst. [5] This innovation provided simultaneous improvements in catalyst stability, reaction rate and process selectivity. Additionally, products could be separated from catalyst under hydro formylation conditions. One variant is described as Gas Recycle (Figure 2.1) since the products are isolated from the catalyst by vaporization with a large recycle of the reactant gases. [6] The recycle gas is chilled to condense butanals. 

Irradiation causes ring closure by valence isomerization of 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl 42 (R = 2,4,6-tri(tert-butyl)phenyl) to 2,4-diphosphabicyclo[1.1.0]butane 43 which on thermolysis yielded the gauche-1,4-diphosphabutadiene 44 <99AG(E)3028>. The same group of workers have isolated the carbene 45 (R as above) as the lithium salt of a trimethylalane complex 46 <99AG(E)3031>. 

I- Topanol (1,1,3-tri ter-butyl hydroxy methyl phenyl)butane) and Nonox DLTDP (di laurylthiodipropionate) 0.1 wt% in solution II- Santonox-R (4,4 -thio-bis-(6-terbutyl... 

Marchand and co-workers reported a synthetic route to TNAZ (18) involving a novel electrophilic addition of NO+ NO2 across the highly strained C(3)-N bond of 3-(bromomethyl)-l-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane (21), the latter prepared as a nonisolatable intermediate from the reaction of the bromide salt of tris(bromomethyl)methylamine (20) with aqueous sodium hydroxide under reduced pressure. The product of this reaction, A-nitroso-3-bromomethyl-3-nitroazetidine (22), is formed in 10% yield but is also accompanied by A-nitroso-3-bromomethyl-3-hydroxyazetidine as a by-product. Isolation of (22) from this mixture, followed by treatment with a solution of nitric acid in trifluoroacetic anhydride, leads to nitrolysis of the ferf-butyl group and yields (23). Treatment of (23) with sodium bicarbonate and sodium iodide in DMSO leads to hydrolysis of the bromomethyl group and the formation of (24). The synthesis of TNAZ (18) is completed by deformylation of (24), followed by oxidative nitration, both processes achieved in one pot with an alkaline solution of sodium nitrite, potassium ferricyanide and sodium persulfate. This route to TNAZ gives a low overall yield and is not suitable for large scale manufacture. 

The reduction of l,l-bis(diphenylphosphanyl) ethylene (248) with an excess of metallic lithium, activated by ultrasonic irradiation, leads to C—C coupling under the formation of a l,l,4,4-tetrakis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane (249) (Scheme 88)". Surprisingly, the lithium centres in the resulting dilithium compound do not form any lithium-carbon contacts, being coordinated by two diphenylphosphanyl groups and two TFIF molecules each. With this strucmral motif, the molecular structure is similar to the one of tris(phosphaneoxide) 20 (Section n. A), also obtained by Izod and coworkers upon deprotonation. ... 

Cyclocarbonylation of o-iodophenols 503 with isocyanates or carbodiimides and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a palladium catalyst (tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(O) Pd2(DBA)3) and l,4-bis(di-phenylphosphino)butane (dppb) resulted in formation of l,3-benzoxazine-2,4-diones 504 or 2-imino-l,3-benzoxazin-4-ones 505 (Scheme 94). The product yields were dependent on the nature of the substrate, the catalyst, the solvent, the base, and the phosphine ligand. The reactions of o-iodophenols with unsymmetrical carbodiimides bearing an alkyl and an aryl substituent afforded 2-alkylimino-3-aryl-l,3-benzoxazin-4-ones 505 in a completely regioselective manner <1999JOC9194>. On the palladium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of o-iodoanilines with acyl chlorides and carbon monoxide, 2-substituted-4f/-3,l-benzoxazin-4-ones were obtained <19990L1619>. 

Figure 7 G(Si) value as a function of the carbon atom numbers in the molecules. When more than one measured value was published, we tried to select the most probable value. Alkanes (1) propane, (2) w-butane, (3) w-pentane, (4) cyclopentane, (5) w-hexane, (6) cyclohexane, (7) w-heptane, (8) cycloheptane, (9) methylcyclohexane, (10) w-octane, (11) cyclooctane, (12) isooctane, (13) w-decane, (14) cyclodecane, (15) cw-decalin, (16) trawx-decalin, (17) w-dodecane, (18) dicyclohexyl, (19) n-hexadecane. (From Refs. 18, 29, 65, 92, 148, and 155.)...

Tertiare Nitro-aliphaten, mit einer desaktivierten Aryl-Gruppe in a-Stellung lassen sich mit 2-Lithio-2-nitro-propan bzw. -butan in Phosphorsaure-tris-[dimethylamid], DMF oder DMSO durch nukleophile Substitution unter C—C-Knupfung zu 2-Aryl-l -nitro-... 

Oxazolidine konnen reduktiv zu 3-Amino-alkanolen gespalten werden, wie die Re-duktion von 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-5-(trimethylsilyl-methyl)- und 2-Phenyl-3-propyl-5-(tri-methylsilyl-methyl)-l, 2-oxazolidin zu 2-Hydroxy-4-metkylamino-4-phenyl-l-trimethylsi-lyl-butan bzw. 4-Anilmo-2-hydroxy-l-trimethylsilyl-heptan zeigt die so erhaltenen Amino-... 

When more than one substituent is present, the location of each substituent should be designated by an appropriate name and number. The presence of two or more identical substituents is indicated by the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- and so on, and the position of each substituent is indicated by a number in the prefix. A number and a word are separated by a hyphen, and numbers are separated by comma. For example, in 2,2-dimethylbutane, both methyl groups are attached to carbon atom 2 of a butane chain. The names of the substituents are arranged in alphabetical order, not numerical order, e.g. 3-ethyl-2-methyUiexane, not 2-methyl-3-ethylhexane. 

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