Triple economic importance

Carbon has the electronic configuration ls 2s 2p. Carbon atoms make single, double and triple bonds. Carbon also makes some of the simplest organic compounds by linking with hydrogen these are called hydrocarbons and are of tremendous economic importance since they are integral to petroleum feedstocks and gas. The concepts are described in Moore (1950), Moeller (1952), Bond (1987), Nathan (1993) and Thomas and Thomas (1997). Heterogeneous catalysis... 

An important related problem is the trend toward demedicalization of state mental health facilities. Given a host of clinical and economic realities, many HIV-infected patients can only be served by such institutions ( 472). Their complicated psychiatric and medical presentations, however, require a high level of clinical sophistication, particularly in recognizing and managing their physical co-morbidities ( 473, 474). Indeed, an increasing number of patients suffer from a triple diagnosis (i.e., a psychiatric disorder with co-morbid substance abuse and HIV-positive status) ( 475). 

The triple bottom line heading has been included to identify the three fold importance of environmental protection, social responsibility and economic performance in providing a sustainable future. A yes score will be awarded where it is obvious that the company accepts that appropriate expenditure on environmental protection and supporting communities is a positive force for sustainability. 

Finally, and in a sense most important, is the economic justification for use of geotextiles in the separation function. It generally lies in the greater service lifetime of systems that use geotextile separators compared with those that do not use them. When a geotextile separator is used in most of these appUcafions, the lifetime could well double or triple compared to results without it. Reid data for such quantification are just becoming available to justify this statement. 

Liquid neon is a clear, colorless liquid with a normal boiling point at 0.1013 MPa of 27.09 K and a triple point of 24.56 K. Liquid neon is now commercially available and is finding important applications as an economical cryogenic refrigerant. It has over 40 times more refrigerating capacity per unit volume than liquid helium and more than three times that of liquid hydrogen. It is compact, inert, and is less expensive than helium when it meets refrigeration requirements. Selected property values for neon are found in Appendix B. 

Abstract The formation of carbon-oxygen bond upon addition of O-nucleophUes to unsaturated molecules is very attractive as it represents an atom economical strategy to prepare a variety of saturated compounds from olefins and vinylic derivatives from aUcynes. Group 8 metals, especially ruthenium have provided an important contribution in this field. We report here on iron- and ruthenium-catalyzed addition of nucleophiles to unsaturated systems. As additions to alkenes are still scarce with these metals and the use of iron catalysts is limited, the main part of the chapter is dedicated to addition of carbamates, carboxylic acids, alcohols and water to triple bonds with ruthenium catalysts. 

---