Triphosphates, determination

Triphosphates, determination of, in mixtures of phosphates, 3 93 Tripotassium ditungsten enneachlo-ride, 5 139 6 149, 150 Tripotassium nitridotrisulfate, 2 182 Tris(biguanidato)chromium(III) 1-hydrate, 6 68... 

Adams H (1963) Adenosine-5 -triphosphate determination with phosphoglycerate kinase. In Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic... 

The plasma half-life of entecavir (1) in rats and dogs was 4-9 h. It was metabolized by HepG2 cells to the corresponding mono-, di-, and triphosphates. The uptake of 1 was linear between 1-25 pM, and intracellular triphosphate accumulated most efficiently in the micro-molar range, with an intracellular half-life for 1-triphosphate determined to be 15 h."... 

Glucose [50-99-7] urea [57-13-6] (qv), and cholesterol [57-88-5] (see Steroids) are the substrates most frequentiy measured, although there are many more substrates or metaboUtes that are determined in clinical laboratories using enzymes. Co-enzymes such as adenosine triphosphate [56-65-5] (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [53-84-9] in its oxidized (NAD" ) or reduced (NADH) [58-68-4] form can be considered substrates. Enzymatic analysis is covered in detail elsewhere (9). 

Determination of GTP cyclohydrolase and D-erythro-7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate synthetase... 

Enzymatic Assay. The enzymatic (luciferase) assay for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the methods applied to areas of biocidal control in oil production operation [1454]. A reliable method for the determination of ATP is the measurement of bioluminescence produced by the luciferin luciferase system. 

M26. Miwa, S., Luzzatto, L., Rosa, R., Paglia, D. E., Schroter, W De Flora, A., Fujii, H., Board, P. G and Beutler, E., International Committee for Standardization in Haematology Recommended methods for an additional red cell enzyme (pyrimidine 5 -nucleotidase) assay and the determination of red cell adenosine 5 -triphosphate, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and reduced glutathione. Clin. Lab. Haematol. 11, 131-138 (1989). 

Wildish DJ (1976) Determination of adenosine 5 -triphosphate in estuarine water and sediments by firefly bioluminescence assay. Technical report of the fisheries maritime service research division, no. 649... 

Suppliers of visible spectrophotometers are reviewed in Table 1.1. Spectroscopic methods are applicable to the determination of phenols, chlorophenols, amines, mixtures of organics, boron, halogens, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soils, cationic surfactants, carbohydrates, total nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in non-saline sediments, boron, total organic carbon, total sulphur and arsenic in saline sediments, cationic surfactants, adenosine triphosphate and total organic carbon in sludges. 

Smirnova et al. [5] have described a simple non-enzymatic method of quantitative determination of adenosine triphosphate in activated sludge from aeration tanks. Extraction of the nucleotides in boiling distilled water was followed by removal of the protein impurities by acidification. Barium salts of di- and triphosphates of the nucleotides were precipitated and the precipitate was washed and dissolved in acid to convert the barium salts to sodium salts. The quantity of adenosine triphosphate was determined quantitatively by inorganic phosphorus in the liquid over the precipitate before and after acid hydrolysis, and by ultraviolet absorption spectra. The method was tested in activated sludge from operational sewage works. There was good agreement between the adenosine triphosphate content determined spectrophotometrically and by phosphorus, despite the presence of small quantities of secondary impurities. 

Patterson et al. [6] carried out determinations of adenosine triphosphate in activated sludge. The method involved the use of firefly lantern extract. 

Andre et al. [8] discuss the determination of adenosine-5 -triphosphate by luciferin-luciferase assay. This method was applied to the determination of adenosine-5 -triphosphate in bacterial colonies filtered from samples of polluted water after incubation for different periods. The adenosine-5 -triphosphate was extracted from the residue in the filter and the amount compared with the biochemical oxygen demand of the filtered water. The oxygen uptake rate and the rate of formation of adenosine-5 -triphosphate were then plotted against time, the two curves being similar in up to three to four days incubation, after which adenosine-5 -triphosphate production declined markedly, although oxygen uptake continued to increase. 

Tobin et al. [14] give details of two extraction procedures for the determination of adenosine-5 -triphosphate in sediment samples by luciferin-luciferase assay. 

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