Tripartite system

The dimensions of the AH,B,y units proposed by Hough and Khan (see Fig. 17) approximate very closely to the interorbital dimensions of the Kier tripartite system (see Fig. 12). However, the discovery that replacement of the 4 -hydroxyl group of the D-fructofuranosyl group by a halogen atom produces derivatives that are very much sweeter than the 4,1, 6 -... 

Members of several RND, MFS, and ABC snbfamilies have been proposed to function in combination with a periplasmic membrane fusion protein (MFP) and an onter membrane protein (OMP) to generate a single energy-conpled tripartite efflnx system across both membranes of the gram-negative bacteria. The best characterized tripartite systems are MexAB-OprM from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, by far, AcrAB-TolC from Escherichia coli. 

Figure 3. Proposed pleiotropic functions carried out by nuclear ADP-ribosylation reactions. Events such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and DNA damage caused by external agents (e.g., ionizing radiation, drugs) involve changes in the integrity of DNA and/or chromatin architecture (a) which activate the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins predominantly at the expense of cytoplasmic NAD (b). The consequences of protein ADP-ribosylation are a decrease in cellular NAD content, alterations in chromatin structure, and possibly also the activity of various enzymes involved in chromatin function (c). This tripartite system operates, either wholly or partly, to ameliorate the activation of the polymerase by modulating the repair of DNA strand breaks, thereby affecting those processes which initially triggered the activation of the enzyme (d). Pr, protein NAm, nicotinamide (ADPR) , poly(ADP-ribose). (From Gaal and Pearson, 1986).

The United States/North America Tripartite System... 

Defined performance standards defined similarly to the tripartite system, where SAL, API and ASTM perform their previous traditional roles. If ASTM cannot achieve consensus, there is provision for ILSAC to take over. The system defines physical, chemical and performance characteristics of engine lubricants for API SX and CX specifications. 

CCMC crankcase lubricant sequence development was quite different from the US tripartite system because the EU motor industry developed plans privately, unrestricted by consensus with the lubricant industry. In response and anticipating the need for dialogue with CCMC, the Technical Committee of Petroleum Additive Manufacturers, ATC, was formed in 1974. Equally, a lubricant marketers organisation, Association Technique de I lndustrie Europeene des Lubrifiants, ATIEL, was formed in 1976 for discussion with CCMC, then ACEA. 

The present regulatory system is thus a continuation of a long regulatory development, firmly established within the tripartite system. This presupposes close cooperation with the industry and a dialogue with the involved parties largely based on at least some level of consensus and mutual trust. If union and employee representatives become more critical of the industrial practices, the system is vulnerable. ... 

The success of lUTs in terms of professionalization has been largely due to the involvement of the teaching teams, originally composed of three categories university personnel, teachers from secondary education and engineers or executives from industry. This tripartite system did not apply to the staff composition proper, but to the quota of teaching hours delivered by each category, i.e. a third of the total... 

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